{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:10:18Z","timestamp":1791234618320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Neuroschistosomiasis is a rare manifestation of\n Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n infection, typically affecting the spinal cord and supratentorial brain regions. Cerebellar involvement is exceedingly uncommon and often presents with multiple enhancing lesions on imaging, mimicking neoplastic processes. Solitary cerebellar lesions are even more unusual. The authors present the first reported case of solitary cerebellar neuroschistosomiasis confirmed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on brain tissue caused by\n Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n \n A 33-year-old man from an endemic region presented with a 3-month history of progressive headache, vomiting, and imbalance. Imaging showed a solitary right cerebellar lesion with obstructive hydrocephalus. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed, followed by tumor resection. Intraoperative and histopathological findings revealed schistosomal ova. RT-PCR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue confirmed\n S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n . The patient was treated with praziquantel and dexamethasone and remained asymptomatic at the 6-month follow-up. Unlike previous reports, this case involved a solitary lesion and a prolonged symptom course, with RT-PCR confirming the diagnosis directly from brain tissue.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n Solitary cerebellar neuroschistosomiasis can mimic tumors and should be considered in endemic areas. RT-PCR on brain tissue offers a valuable diagnostic tool. Timely surgical and medical management can lead to full recovery, emphasizing the importance of considering parasitic infections in atypical intracranial lesions.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25282<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:02:26Z","timestamp":1759795346000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First documented case of solitary cerebellar Schistosoma japonicum neuroschistosomiasis confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction of the lesion: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-4131","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edmund John B.","family":"Cayanong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie Roxanne B.","family":"Nisce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adult Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-4143","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John Carlo B.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratories, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne Mara M.","family":"Gopeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Angeline Luz U.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen Joy O.","family":"Khu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Braz J Infect Dis","first-page":"435","article-title":"Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases","volume":"11","author":"Andrade Filho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andrade Filho ASQueiroz ACFreire ACCPseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases. Braz J Infect Dis. 2007;11(4):435-438."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"Acta Med Philipp","first-page":"34","article-title":"Clinical profile of cerebral schistosomiasis patients in the Philippine General Hospital: a retrospective study","volume":"49","author":"Rocha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rocha IIIDioquino CPC.Clinical profile of cerebral schistosomiasis patients in the Philippine General Hospital: a retrospective study. Acta Med Philipp. 2015;49(1):34-41."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"575","article-title":"A 55-year-old male with 3-week headache","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang DZYao LZhang TA 55-year-old male with 3-week headache. Brain Pathol. 2019;29(4):575-576."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"481","article-title":"Cerebral schistosomiasis japonica without gastrointestinal system involvement","volume":"71","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhou JLi GXia JCerebral schistosomiasis japonica without gastrointestinal system involvement. Surg Neurol. 2009;71(4):481-486."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"941","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cerebellar schistosomiasis","volume":"64","author":"Shu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shu KZhang SHan LLei T.Surgical treatment of cerebellar schistosomiasis. Neurosurgery. 2009;64(5):941-943."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol (Med Sci)","first-page":"247","article-title":"Cerebellar schistosomiasis (report of 11 cases)","volume":"5","author":"Chang-gan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chang-gan ZXian-hui JLing L.Cerebellar schistosomiasis (report of 11 cases). J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol (Med Sci). 1985;5(4):247-251."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"635","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"36","author":"Braga","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braga BPda Costa Junior da LBLambertucci JR.Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2003;36(5):635-636."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Philipp J Sci","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Integration of monitoring for parasitologic status for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs with nutritional status of pre-school and school age children in selected municipalities in Northern Leyte, the Philippines","volume":"2023","author":"Belizario","unstructured":"Belizario BY JrMedina JRCLumangaya CRIntegration of monitoring for parasitologic status for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs with nutritional status of pre-school and school age children in selected municipalities in Northern Leyte, the Philippines. Philipp J Sci. 2023;152(4):1445-1453."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"268","article-title":"Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases in Ganzi, China","volume":"86","author":"Wan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wan HMasataka HZhang LPZheng DF.Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases in Ganzi, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;86(2):268-272."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Mol Cell Probes","first-page":"250","article-title":"Copro-PCR based detection of Schistosoma eggs using mitochondrial DNA markers","volume":"19","author":"Gobert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gobert GNChai MDuke MMcManus DP.Copro-PCR based detection of Schistosoma eggs using mitochondrial DNA markers. 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Parasitol Int. 2004;53(2):127-134."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"52","article-title":"Bilharzia in the Philippines: past, present, and future","volume":"18","author":"Olveda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olveda DULi YOlveda RMBilharzia in the Philippines: past, present, and future. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;18:52-56."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"72","article-title":"Early complicated schistosomiasis in a returning traveller: key contribution of new molecular diagnostic methods","volume":"79","author":"Bonnefond","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonnefond SCnops LDuvignaud AEarly complicated schistosomiasis in a returning traveller: key contribution of new molecular diagnostic methods. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;79:72-74."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Med Microbiol","first-page":"309","article-title":"Diagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis by antibody specificity index and semi-quantitative real-time PCR from cerebrospinal fluid and serum","volume":"63","author":"H\u00e4rter","year":"2014","unstructured":"H\u00e4rter GFrickmann HZenk SDiagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis by antibody specificity index and semi-quantitative real-time PCR from cerebrospinal fluid and serum. J Med Microbiol. 2014;63(2):309-312."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"Infect Dis Pover","first-page":"15","article-title":"Detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA using polymerase chain reaction from serum and dried blood spot card samples of an adult population in North-Western Tanzania","volume":"10","author":"Fuss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuss AMazigo HDMueller A.Detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA using polymerase chain reaction from serum and dried blood spot card samples of an adult population in North-Western Tanzania. Infect Dis Pover. 2021;10(1):15."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Evaluation of Kato\u2013Katz examination method in three areas with low-level endemicity of schistosomiasis japonica in China: a Bayesian modeling approach","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang YYLuo JPLiu YMEvaluation of Kato\u2013Katz examination method in three areas with low-level endemicity of schistosomiasis japonica in China: a Bayesian modeling approach. Acta Trop. 2009;112(1):16-22."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr04.2009.1787","article-title":"Cerebral neuroschistosomiasis: a rare clinical presentation and review of the literature","volume":"2009","author":"Llenas-Garc\u00eda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Llenas-Garc\u00eda JGuerra-Vales JMAlcal\u00e1-Galiano ACerebral neuroschistosomiasis: a rare clinical presentation and review of the literature. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009:bcr04.2009.1787."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep","first-page":"666","article-title":"Cerebral and spinal schistosomiasis","volume":"12","author":"Carod Artal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carod Artal FJ.Cerebral and spinal schistosomiasis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2012;12(6):666-674."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Braz J Infect Dis","first-page":"435","article-title":"Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases","volume":"11","author":"Andrade Filho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andrade Filho ASQueiroz ACFreire ACCPseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases. Braz J Infect Dis. 2007;11(4):435-438."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"Acta Med Philipp","first-page":"34","article-title":"Clinical profile of cerebral schistosomiasis patients in the Philippine General Hospital: a retrospective study","volume":"49","author":"Rocha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rocha IIIDioquino CPC.Clinical profile of cerebral schistosomiasis patients in the Philippine General Hospital: a retrospective study. Acta Med Philipp. 2015;49(1):34-41."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"575","article-title":"A 55-year-old male with 3-week headache","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang DZYao LZhang TA 55-year-old male with 3-week headache. Brain Pathol. 2019;29(4):575-576."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"481","article-title":"Cerebral schistosomiasis japonica without gastrointestinal system involvement","volume":"71","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhou JLi GXia JCerebral schistosomiasis japonica without gastrointestinal system involvement. Surg Neurol. 2009;71(4):481-486."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"941","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cerebellar schistosomiasis","volume":"64","author":"Shu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shu KZhang SHan LLei T.Surgical treatment of cerebellar schistosomiasis. Neurosurgery. 2009;64(5):941-943."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol (Med Sci)","first-page":"247","article-title":"Cerebellar schistosomiasis (report of 11 cases)","volume":"5","author":"Chang-gan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chang-gan ZXian-hui JLing L.Cerebellar schistosomiasis (report of 11 cases). J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol (Med Sci). 1985;5(4):247-251."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"635","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"36","author":"Braga","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braga BPda Costa Junior da LBLambertucci JR.Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2003;36(5):635-636."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Philipp J Sci","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Integration of monitoring for parasitologic status for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs with nutritional status of pre-school and school age children in selected municipalities in Northern Leyte, the Philippines","volume":"2023","author":"Belizario","unstructured":"Belizario BY JrMedina JRCLumangaya CRIntegration of monitoring for parasitologic status for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programs with nutritional status of pre-school and school age children in selected municipalities in Northern Leyte, the Philippines. Philipp J Sci. 2023;152(4):1445-1453."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"268","article-title":"Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases in Ganzi, China","volume":"86","author":"Wan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wan HMasataka HZhang LPZheng DF.Pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases in Ganzi, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;86(2):268-272."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Mol Cell Probes","first-page":"250","article-title":"Copro-PCR based detection of Schistosoma eggs using mitochondrial DNA markers","volume":"19","author":"Gobert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gobert GNChai MDuke MMcManus DP.Copro-PCR based detection of Schistosoma eggs using mitochondrial DNA markers. Mol Cell Probes. 2005;19(4):250-254."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","series-title":"Korean J Parasitol","article-title":"Cerebellar schistosomiasis: a case report with clinical analysis","volume":"47","author":"Wan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wan HLei DMao Q.Cerebellar schistosomiasis: a case report with clinical analysis. Korean J Parasitol. 2009;47(1):53-56."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","series-title":"Parasitol Int","first-page":"127","article-title":"The schistosomiasis problem in the Philippines: a review","volume":"53","author":"Blas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blas BLRosales MILipayon ILYasuraoka KMatsuda HHayashi M.The schistosomiasis problem in the Philippines: a review. Parasitol Int. 2004;53(2):127-134."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"52","article-title":"Bilharzia in the Philippines: past, present, and future","volume":"18","author":"Olveda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olveda DULi YOlveda RMBilharzia in the Philippines: past, present, and future. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;18:52-56."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"72","article-title":"Early complicated schistosomiasis in a returning traveller: key contribution of new molecular diagnostic methods","volume":"79","author":"Bonnefond","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonnefond SCnops LDuvignaud AEarly complicated schistosomiasis in a returning traveller: key contribution of new molecular diagnostic methods. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;79:72-74."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Med Microbiol","first-page":"309","article-title":"Diagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis by antibody specificity index and semi-quantitative real-time PCR from cerebrospinal fluid and serum","volume":"63","author":"H\u00e4rter","year":"2014","unstructured":"H\u00e4rter GFrickmann HZenk SDiagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis by antibody specificity index and semi-quantitative real-time PCR from cerebrospinal fluid and serum. J Med Microbiol. 2014;63(2):309-312."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"Infect Dis Pover","first-page":"15","article-title":"Detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA using polymerase chain reaction from serum and dried blood spot card samples of an adult population in North-Western Tanzania","volume":"10","author":"Fuss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuss AMazigo HDMueller A.Detection of Schistosoma mansoni DNA using polymerase chain reaction from serum and dried blood spot card samples of an adult population in North-Western Tanzania. Infect Dis Pover. 2021;10(1):15."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"16","article-title":"Evaluation of Kato\u2013Katz examination method in three areas with low-level endemicity of schistosomiasis japonica in China: a Bayesian modeling approach","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang YYLuo JPLiu YMEvaluation of Kato\u2013Katz examination method in three areas with low-level endemicity of schistosomiasis japonica in China: a Bayesian modeling approach. Acta Trop. 2009;112(1):16-22."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr04.2009.1787","article-title":"Cerebral neuroschistosomiasis: a rare clinical presentation and review of the literature","volume":"2009","author":"Llenas-Garc\u00eda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Llenas-Garc\u00eda JGuerra-Vales JMAlcal\u00e1-Galiano ACerebral neuroschistosomiasis: a rare clinical presentation and review of the literature. BMJ Case Rep. 2009;2009:bcr04.2009.1787."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep","first-page":"666","article-title":"Cerebral and spinal schistosomiasis","volume":"12","author":"Carod Artal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carod Artal FJ.Cerebral and spinal schistosomiasis. 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