{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:12:11Z","timestamp":1769728331493,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aqueductal stenosis represents one of the most common causes of CSF intraventricular blockage and may lead to obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus. In rare cases, the spontaneous rupture of the third ventricular floor, known as spontaneous third ventriculostomy (STV), can occur.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors report an illustrative case of pseudo-STV in a 67-year-old man who presented with long-standing obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus. Despite the neuroimaging findings suggesting STV, endoscopic third ventriculostomy showed an intact floor of the third ventricle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors demonstrate the potential for imaging to be misleading in the diagnosis of STV. A flow void artifact on sagittal T2-weighted sequences of the floor of the third ventricle may reflect the fast motion of a thin third ventricular floor or CSF passage through the foramen of Monro rather than flow void through a patent stoma. Endoscopic exploration remains the gold standard for confirming the presence of a ventriculostomy, but other noninvasive tools may help differentiate real CSF intraventricular motion. Dimensional phase-contrast velocity mapping like time-SLIP (arterial spin labeling) MRI could allow the differentiation of flow artifacts caused by the rapid motion of the pulsating floor of the third ventricle from a true ventriculostomy.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2531\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2531<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T23:37:14Z","timestamp":1753141034000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unreliable sagittal T2-weighted flow void MRI in diagnosing third ventriculostomy: a case of long-standing obstructive hydrocephalus. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Neri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Vignaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Palandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna IRCCS, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-3494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shinya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kugayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"S21.e13","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for idiopathic aqueductal stenosis","volume":"79","author":"Spennato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spennato PTazi SBekaert OCinalli GDecq P.Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for idiopathic aqueductal stenosis. World Neurosurg. 2013;79(2)(suppl):S21.e13-S21.e20."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Neurosurg Sci","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomopathology of non-tumoral aqueductal stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Jellinger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jellinger G.Anatomopathology of non-tumoral aqueductal stenosis. J Neurosurg Sci. 1986;30(1-2):1-16."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","series-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR","first-page":"109","article-title":"Noncommunicating hydrocephalus","volume":"37","author":"Maller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maller VVGray RI.Noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2016;37(2):109-119."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"145","article-title":"How should primary aqueductal stenosis in adults be treated? A review","volume":"111","author":"Tisell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tisell M.How should primary aqueductal stenosis in adults be treated? A review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2005;111(3):145-153."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib5","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Open-aqueduct LOVA, LIAS, iNPH: a comparative clinical-radiological study exploring the \u201cgrey zone\u201d between different forms of chronic adulthood hydrocephalus","volume":"164","author":"Palandri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palandri GCarretta ALa Corte EOpen-aqueduct LOVA, LIAS, iNPH: a comparative clinical-radiological study exploring the \u201cgrey zone\u201d between different forms of chronic adulthood hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2022;164(7):1777-1788."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"817","volume":"112","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bailey APipitone NZuccoli G. Phase-contrast cine MRI revealing en valve mechanism in spontaneous third ventriculostomy: report of a case and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2010;112(9):817-820."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"Cancer Control J Moffitt Cancer Cent","first-page":"6","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus: physiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Filis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filis AKAghayev KVrionis FD.Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus: physiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Cancer Control J Moffitt Cancer Cent. 2017;24(1):6-8."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Insights Imaging","first-page":"531","article-title":"Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: an update","volume":"5","author":"Kartal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kartal MGAlgin O.Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: an update. Insights Imaging. 2014;5(4):531-541."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"Ulster Med J","first-page":"107","article-title":"Observations on the pathology of hydrocephalus","volume":"18","author":"Russel","year":"1949","unstructured":"Russel DS.Observations on the pathology of hydrocephalus. Ulster Med J. 1949;18(1):107-108."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"209","article-title":"Phase-contrast MR imaging support for the diagnosis of aqueductal stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Stoquart-El Sankari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stoquart-El Sankari SSELehmann PGondry-Jouet CPhase-contrast MR imaging support for the diagnosis of aqueductal stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(1):209-214."},{"issue":"42","key":"bib11","series-title":"Med (Baltim)","first-page":"e12139","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang LGao GZhou Y.Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Med (Baltim). 2018;97(42):e12139."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"806885","article-title":"Idiopathic aqueductal stenosis: late neurocognitive outcome in ETV operated adult patients","volume":"13","author":"Martinoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinoni MMiccoli GRiccioli LAIdiopathic aqueductal stenosis: late neurocognitive outcome in ETV operated adult patients. Front Neurol. 2022;13:806885."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib13","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"633","article-title":"Spontaneous third ventriculostomy in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"24","author":"Deniz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deniz FEEce K\u00c7elik OAkalan NF\u0131rat MM.Spontaneous third ventriculostomy in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst. 2008;24(5):633-634."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"219","article-title":"Spontaneous ventriculostomy in a patient with obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"147","author":"Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim LJFeiz-Erfan IClatterbuck RESpetzler RF.Spontaneous ventriculostomy in a patient with obstructive hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(2):219-220."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib15","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1647","article-title":"Spontaneous ventriculostomy: report of three cases revealed by flow-sensitive phase-contrast cine MR imaging","volume":"20","author":"Rovira","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rovira ACapellades JGriv\u00e9 ESpontaneous ventriculostomy: report of three cases revealed by flow-sensitive phase-contrast cine MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(9):1647-1652."},{"issue":"16","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE22517","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy of a tectal lesion using flexible neuroendoscopy and urological cup forceps: illustrative case","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang MWolfson DLoPresti MAPoland ELam SDeCuypere M.Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy of a tectal lesion using flexible neuroendoscopy and urological cup forceps: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2023;5(16):CASE22517."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"848","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus: a review of indications, outcomes, and complications","volume":"59","author":"Moorthy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moorthy RKRajshekhar V.Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus: a review of indications, outcomes, and complications. Neurol India. 2011;59(6):848-854."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"bib18","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"S502","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy\u2014a review","volume":"69","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yadav YRBajaj JRatre SEndoscopic third ventriculostomy\u2014a review. Neurol India. 2021;69(suppl):S502-S513."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neuroradiol J","first-page":"255","article-title":"Case report: flattening of the tectal plate in obstructive hydrocephalus with auto-ventriculostomy","volume":"35","author":"St\u00e4dt","year":"2022","unstructured":"St\u00e4dt MHoltmannsp\u00f6tter MSchwab JEff FVoit-H\u00f6hne H.Case report: flattening of the tectal plate in obstructive hydrocephalus with auto-ventriculostomy. Neuroradiol J. 2022;35(2):255-259."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e57114","article-title":"The role of phase-contrast MRI in diagnosing cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormalities","volume":"16","author":"Br","year":"2024","unstructured":"Br GSharma PKPolaka YS PNatarajan P.The role of phase-contrast MRI in diagnosing cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormalities. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e57114."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib21","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"1485","article-title":"MR cisternography: a new method for the diagnosis of CSF fistulae","volume":"7","author":"Eberhardt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eberhardt KEWHollenbach HPDeimling MTomandl BFHuk WJ.MR cisternography: a new method for the diagnosis of CSF fistulae. Eur Radiol. 1997;7(9):1485-1491."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"633","article-title":"Evaluation of high-resolution CT and MR cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid fistula","volume":"19","author":"Shetty","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shetty PGShroff MMSahani DVKirtane MV.Evaluation of high-resolution CT and MR cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19(4):633-639."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"1432","article-title":"CSF flow imaging in the management of third ventriculostomy with a reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence","volume":"13","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoffmann KTLehmann TNBaumann CFelix R.CSF flow imaging in the management of third ventriculostomy with a reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(6):1432-1437."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib24","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Pseudo-spontaneous third ventriculostomy","volume":"35","author":"Kozyrev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kozyrev DARoth JConstantini S.Pseudo-spontaneous third ventriculostomy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(7):1107-1108."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"644","article-title":"Visualization of cerebrospinal fluid movement with spin labeling at MR imaging: preliminary results in normal and pathophysiologic conditions","volume":"249","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamada SMiyazaki MKanazawa HVisualization of cerebrospinal fluid movement with spin labeling at MR imaging: preliminary results in normal and pathophysiologic conditions. Radiology. 2008;249(2):644-652."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"623","article-title":"Current and emerging MR imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of CSF flow disorders: a review of phase-contrast and time\u2013spatial labeling inversion pulse","volume":"36","author":"Yamada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamada STsuchiya KBradley WGCurrent and emerging MR imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of CSF flow disorders: a review of phase-contrast and time\u2013spatial labeling inversion pulse. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36(4):623-630."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib27","series-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci","first-page":"263","article-title":"Visualization of pulsatile CSF motion around membrane-like structures with both 4D velocity mapping and time-SLIP technique","volume":"14","author":"Hirayama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirayama AMatsumae MYatsushiro SAbdulla AAtsumi HKuroda K.Visualization of pulsatile CSF motion around membrane-like structures with both 4D velocity mapping and time-SLIP technique. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2015;14(4):263-273."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib28","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"677","article-title":"Phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging: normal cerebrospinal fluid oscillation and applications to hydrocephalus","volume":"4","author":"Naidich","year":"1993","unstructured":"Naidich TPAltman NRGonzalez-Arias SM.Phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging: normal cerebrospinal fluid oscillation and applications to hydrocephalus. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1993;4(4):677-705."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"S21.e13","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for idiopathic aqueductal stenosis","volume":"79","author":"Spennato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spennato PTazi SBekaert OCinalli GDecq P.Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for idiopathic aqueductal stenosis. World Neurosurg. 2013;79(2)(suppl):S21.e13-S21.e20."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Neurosurg Sci","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomopathology of non-tumoral aqueductal stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Jellinger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jellinger G.Anatomopathology of non-tumoral aqueductal stenosis. J Neurosurg Sci. 1986;30(1-2):1-16."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","series-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR","first-page":"109","article-title":"Noncommunicating hydrocephalus","volume":"37","author":"Maller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maller VVGray RI.Noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2016;37(2):109-119."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"145","article-title":"How should primary aqueductal stenosis in adults be treated? A review","volume":"111","author":"Tisell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tisell M.How should primary aqueductal stenosis in adults be treated? A review. Acta Neurol Scand. 2005;111(3):145-153."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib5","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1777","article-title":"Open-aqueduct LOVA, LIAS, iNPH: a comparative clinical-radiological study exploring the \u201cgrey zone\u201d between different forms of chronic adulthood hydrocephalus","volume":"164","author":"Palandri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palandri GCarretta ALa Corte EOpen-aqueduct LOVA, LIAS, iNPH: a comparative clinical-radiological study exploring the \u201cgrey zone\u201d between different forms of chronic adulthood hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2022;164(7):1777-1788."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"817","volume":"112","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bailey APipitone NZuccoli G. Phase-contrast cine MRI revealing en valve mechanism in spontaneous third ventriculostomy: report of a case and literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2010;112(9):817-820."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"Cancer Control J Moffitt Cancer Cent","first-page":"6","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus: physiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Filis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filis AKAghayev KVrionis FD.Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus: physiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Cancer Control J Moffitt Cancer Cent. 2017;24(1):6-8."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Insights Imaging","first-page":"531","article-title":"Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: an update","volume":"5","author":"Kartal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kartal MGAlgin O.Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: an update. 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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(1):209-214."},{"issue":"42","key":"bib11","series-title":"Med (Baltim)","first-page":"e12139","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang LGao GZhou Y.Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Med (Baltim). 2018;97(42):e12139."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"806885","article-title":"Idiopathic aqueductal stenosis: late neurocognitive outcome in ETV operated adult patients","volume":"13","author":"Martinoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinoni MMiccoli GRiccioli LAIdiopathic aqueductal stenosis: late neurocognitive outcome in ETV operated adult patients. Front Neurol. 2022;13:806885."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib13","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"633","article-title":"Spontaneous third ventriculostomy in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"24","author":"Deniz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deniz FEEce K\u00c7elik OAkalan NF\u0131rat MM.Spontaneous third ventriculostomy in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst. 2008;24(5):633-634."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"219","article-title":"Spontaneous ventriculostomy in a patient with obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"147","author":"Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim LJFeiz-Erfan IClatterbuck RESpetzler RF.Spontaneous ventriculostomy in a patient with obstructive hydrocephalus. 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Neuroradiol J. 2022;35(2):255-259."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e57114","article-title":"The role of phase-contrast MRI in diagnosing cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormalities","volume":"16","author":"Br","year":"2024","unstructured":"Br GSharma PKPolaka YS PNatarajan P.The role of phase-contrast MRI in diagnosing cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormalities. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e57114."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib21","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"1485","article-title":"MR cisternography: a new method for the diagnosis of CSF fistulae","volume":"7","author":"Eberhardt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eberhardt KEWHollenbach HPDeimling MTomandl BFHuk WJ.MR cisternography: a new method for the diagnosis of CSF fistulae. Eur Radiol. 1997;7(9):1485-1491."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"633","article-title":"Evaluation of high-resolution CT and MR cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid fistula","volume":"19","author":"Shetty","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shetty PGShroff MMSahani DVKirtane MV.Evaluation of high-resolution CT and MR cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19(4):633-639."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","series-title":"Eur Radiol","first-page":"1432","article-title":"CSF flow imaging in the management of third ventriculostomy with a reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence","volume":"13","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoffmann KTLehmann TNBaumann CFelix R.CSF flow imaging in the management of third ventriculostomy with a reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(6):1432-1437."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib24","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Pseudo-spontaneous third ventriculostomy","volume":"35","author":"Kozyrev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kozyrev DARoth JConstantini S.Pseudo-spontaneous third ventriculostomy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(7):1107-1108."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"644","article-title":"Visualization of cerebrospinal fluid movement with spin labeling at MR imaging: preliminary results in normal and pathophysiologic conditions","volume":"249","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamada SMiyazaki MKanazawa HVisualization of cerebrospinal fluid movement with spin labeling at MR imaging: preliminary results in normal and pathophysiologic conditions. Radiology. 2008;249(2):644-652."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"623","article-title":"Current and emerging MR imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of CSF flow disorders: a review of phase-contrast and time\u2013spatial labeling inversion pulse","volume":"36","author":"Yamada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamada STsuchiya KBradley WGCurrent and emerging MR imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of CSF flow disorders: a review of phase-contrast and time\u2013spatial labeling inversion pulse. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36(4):623-630."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib27","series-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci","first-page":"263","article-title":"Visualization of pulsatile CSF motion around membrane-like structures with both 4D velocity mapping and time-SLIP technique","volume":"14","author":"Hirayama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirayama AMatsumae MYatsushiro SAbdulla AAtsumi HKuroda K.Visualization of pulsatile CSF motion around membrane-like structures with both 4D velocity mapping and time-SLIP technique. 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