{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:14:12Z","timestamp":1769724852424,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is a rare disorder characterized by severe, episodic pain along the sensory distribution of cranial nerve (CN) IX. Bilateral GPN presents unique challenges for consideration of microsurgical treatment due to potential risks of postoperative dysphagia and cardiac arrhythmias associated with resection of bilateral CN IX\/X. Here, the authors describe successful staged bilateral microsurgical rhizotomy of CN IX and upper CN X rootlets to treat bilateral GPN.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n A 54-year-old female presented with right GPN and underwent a right retrosigmoid craniotomy with rhizotomy, resulting in complete resolution of pain. During the following year, the patient developed left GPN and was considered for the same surgical intervention. However, prior to pursuing surgical intervention, evaluation of her swallowing function was conducted to stratify her risk of pharyngeal sensory denervation or dysphagia, and to confirm her suitability for left-sided rhizotomy. Given the patient\u2019s normal oropharyngeal swallowing function on videofluoroscopic swallow study, she underwent left retrosigmoid craniotomy with rhizotomy. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient described complete resolution of pain and normal swallowing function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n With the use of comprehensive patient evaluation between surgical stages, staged bilateral microsurgical rhizotomy is a feasible and safe treatment option for carefully selected patients with bilateral GPN.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25359<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:02:19Z","timestamp":1759795339000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Staged bilateral microsurgical rhizotomy for treatment of bilateral glossopharyngeal neuralgia: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-6617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Megan M. J.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Semirra L.","family":"Bayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Peris Celda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"bib1","series-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep","first-page":"343","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"17","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blumenfeld ANikolskaya G.Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(7):343."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neuroepidemiology","first-page":"276","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia: similarities and differences, Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1984","volume":"10","author":"Katusic","year":"1991","unstructured":"Katusic SWilliams DBBeard CMBergstralh EJKurland LT.Epidemiology and clinical features of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia: similarities and differences, Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1984. Neuroepidemiology. 1991;10(5-6):276-281."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Health Psychol Res","first-page":"36042","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia: epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment options","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han AMontgomery CZamora AGlossopharyngeal neuralgia: epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Health Psychol Res. 2022;10(5):36042."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"201","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases","volume":"38","author":"Rushton","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rushton JGStevens JCMiller RH.Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases. Arch Neurol. 1981;38(4):201-205."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Rey-Dios","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rey-Dios RCohen-Gadol AA.Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;34(3):E8."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib6","series-title":"Int J Neurosci","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Surgical treatment of bilateral glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"128","author":"Ganaha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ganaha SGrewal SSCheshire WPReimer RQui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa AWharen RE.Surgical treatment of bilateral glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Int J Neurosci. 2018;128(12):1204-1206."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"1024142","article-title":"Comparative analysis of MVD and RHZ in the treatment of primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a clinical report on 61 cases","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang LLiu QDong XWang J.Comparative analysis of MVD and RHZ in the treatment of primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a clinical report on 61 cases. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1024142."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma YLi YFWang QCWang BHuang HT.Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(4):1088-1092."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"572","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treatment outcomes after nerve section, microvascular decompression, or stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu VMGoyal AGraffeo CSPerry AJonker BPLink MJ.Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treatment outcomes after nerve section, microvascular decompression, or stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;120:572-582.e7."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Clin Exp Neurol","first-page":"113","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"24","author":"King","year":"1987","unstructured":"King J.Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Clin Exp Neurol. 1987;24:113-121."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"775","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring of the vagus nerve during intracranial glossopharyngeal and upper vagal rhizotomy: technical note","volume":"35","author":"Taha","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taha JMTew JMJrKeith RWPayner TD.Intraoperative monitoring of the vagus nerve during intracranial glossopharyngeal and upper vagal rhizotomy: technical note. Neurosurgery. 1994;35(4):775-777."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"141","article-title":"Use of endotracheal tube electrodes in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: technical note","volume":"90","author":"Harries","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harries AMDong CCHoney CR.Use of endotracheal tube electrodes in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: technical note. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2012;90(3):141-144."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13","series-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep","first-page":"459","article-title":"The neuralgias: diagnosis and management","volume":"14","author":"Gadient","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gadient PMSmith JH.The neuralgias: diagnosis and management. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014;14(7):459."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib1","series-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep","first-page":"343","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"17","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blumenfeld ANikolskaya G.Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(7):343."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neuroepidemiology","first-page":"276","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia: similarities and differences, Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1984","volume":"10","author":"Katusic","year":"1991","unstructured":"Katusic SWilliams DBBeard CMBergstralh EJKurland LT.Epidemiology and clinical features of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia: similarities and differences, Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1984. Neuroepidemiology. 1991;10(5-6):276-281."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Health Psychol Res","first-page":"36042","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia: epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment options","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han AMontgomery CZamora AGlossopharyngeal neuralgia: epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Health Psychol Res. 2022;10(5):36042."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"201","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases","volume":"38","author":"Rushton","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rushton JGStevens JCMiller RH.Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases. Arch Neurol. 1981;38(4):201-205."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Rey-Dios","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rey-Dios RCohen-Gadol AA.Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;34(3):E8."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib6","series-title":"Int J Neurosci","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Surgical treatment of bilateral glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"128","author":"Ganaha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ganaha SGrewal SSCheshire WPReimer RQui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa AWharen RE.Surgical treatment of bilateral glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Int J Neurosci. 2018;128(12):1204-1206."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"1024142","article-title":"Comparative analysis of MVD and RHZ in the treatment of primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a clinical report on 61 cases","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang LLiu QDong XWang J.Comparative analysis of MVD and RHZ in the treatment of primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a clinical report on 61 cases. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1024142."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma YLi YFWang QCWang BHuang HT.Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(4):1088-1092."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"572","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treatment outcomes after nerve section, microvascular decompression, or stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu VMGoyal AGraffeo CSPerry AJonker BPLink MJ.Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treatment outcomes after nerve section, microvascular decompression, or stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;120:572-582.e7."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Clin Exp Neurol","first-page":"113","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"24","author":"King","year":"1987","unstructured":"King J.Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Clin Exp Neurol. 1987;24:113-121."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"775","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring of the vagus nerve during intracranial glossopharyngeal and upper vagal rhizotomy: technical note","volume":"35","author":"Taha","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taha JMTew JMJrKeith RWPayner TD.Intraoperative monitoring of the vagus nerve during intracranial glossopharyngeal and upper vagal rhizotomy: technical note. Neurosurgery. 1994;35(4):775-777."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"141","article-title":"Use of endotracheal tube electrodes in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: technical note","volume":"90","author":"Harries","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harries AMDong CCHoney CR.Use of endotracheal tube electrodes in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: technical note. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2012;90(3):141-144."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13","series-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep","first-page":"459","article-title":"The neuralgias: diagnosis and management","volume":"14","author":"Gadient","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gadient PMSmith JH.The neuralgias: diagnosis and management. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014;14(7):459."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/13\/article-CASE25359.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/13\/article-CASE25359.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/13\/article-CASE25359.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:14:59Z","timestamp":1769685299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/13\/article-CASE25359.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case25359","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]}}}