{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:12:52Z","timestamp":1769724772701,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiosurgery is a standard treatment modality for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Spinal cord AVMs represent a particular challenge for radiosurgery due to the significant involvement of normal spinal cord tissues that are inseparable from the AVM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MR and CT images of the spine acquired using different patient setups and immobilization can be challenging to co-register for accurate radiosurgery planning due to the mobility of the spine and resulting differences in spine position between imaging studies. Integrating MRI simulation into radiosurgery treatment design solves this issue and can be valuable for accurately targeting spinal cord AVMs while sparing normal adjacent spinal cord tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here the authors present the case of a female patient with cervical spinal cord AVM who was treated with spinal cord radiosurgery that uses this approach.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25413\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25413<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:11:18Z","timestamp":1769685078000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated MRI simulation for intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformation radiosurgery: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Scholey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Pelayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier E.","family":"Villanueva-Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip V.","family":"Theodosopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean L.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"606","article-title":"The safety and effectiveness of brain arteriovenous malformation embolization using acrylic and particles: the experiences of a single institution","volume":"37","author":"Wallace","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wallace RCFlom RAKhayata MHThe safety and effectiveness of brain arteriovenous malformation embolization using acrylic and particles: the experiences of a single institution. Neurosurgery. 1995;37(4):606-618."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Prog Neurol Surg","first-page":"267","article-title":"Re-evaluating clinical outcomes for AVM stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"34","author":"Tonetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tonetti DAGross BA.Re-evaluating clinical outcomes for AVM stereotactic radiosurgery. Prog Neurol Surg. 2019;34:267-272."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Most promising approaches to improve brain AVM management: ARISE I consensus recommendations","volume":"55","author":"Samaniego","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samaniego EADabus GMeyers PMMost promising approaches to improve brain AVM management: ARISE I consensus recommendations. Stroke. 2024;55(5):1449-1463."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"15","article-title":"Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome","volume":"40","author":"Flores","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flores BCKlinger DRWhite JABatjer HH.Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome. Neurosurg Rev. 2017;40(1):15-28."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"51","article-title":"Hemorrhage risk and clinical features of multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations","volume":"23","author":"Boone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boone CECaplan JMYang WHemorrhage risk and clinical features of multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;23:51-57."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"176","article-title":"Complications of surgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain","volume":"78","author":"Morgan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morgan MKJohnston IHHallinan JMWeber NC.Complications of surgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg. 1993;78(2):176-182."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Multisession CyberKnife radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations","volume":"58","author":"Sinclair","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sinclair JChang SDGibbs ICAdler JRJr.Multisession CyberKnife radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(6):1081-1089."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e230","article-title":"CyberKnife radiosurgery for spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience","volume":"175","author":"Suzuki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suzuki TKagawa KSato KNomura RIrie KIchi S.CyberKnife radiosurgery for spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience. World Neurosurg. 2023;175:e230-e237."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"124","article-title":"Spinal cord dose tolerance to stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"110","author":"Sahgal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahgal AChang JHMa LSpinal cord dose tolerance to stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021;110(1):124-136."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"73","article-title":"Radiotherapy-induced malignancies: review of clinical features, pathobiology, and evolving approaches for mitigating risk","volume":"3","author":"Braunstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Braunstein SNakamura JL.Radiotherapy-induced malignancies: review of clinical features, pathobiology, and evolving approaches for mitigating risk. Front Oncol. 2013;3:73."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","series-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol","first-page":"339","article-title":"Advantages of radiation therapy simulation with 0.35 tesla magnetic resonance imaging for stereotactic ablation of spinal metastases","volume":"10","author":"Spieler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spieler BSamuels SELlorente RYechieli RFord JCMellon EA.Advantages of radiation therapy simulation with 0.35 tesla magnetic resonance imaging for stereotactic ablation of spinal metastases. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2020;10(5):339-344."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"606","article-title":"The safety and effectiveness of brain arteriovenous malformation embolization using acrylic and particles: the experiences of a single institution","volume":"37","author":"Wallace","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wallace RCFlom RAKhayata MHThe safety and effectiveness of brain arteriovenous malformation embolization using acrylic and particles: the experiences of a single institution. Neurosurgery. 1995;37(4):606-618."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Prog Neurol Surg","first-page":"267","article-title":"Re-evaluating clinical outcomes for AVM stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"34","author":"Tonetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tonetti DAGross BA.Re-evaluating clinical outcomes for AVM stereotactic radiosurgery. Prog Neurol Surg. 2019;34:267-272."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Most promising approaches to improve brain AVM management: ARISE I consensus recommendations","volume":"55","author":"Samaniego","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samaniego EADabus GMeyers PMMost promising approaches to improve brain AVM management: ARISE I consensus recommendations. Stroke. 2024;55(5):1449-1463."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"15","article-title":"Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome","volume":"40","author":"Flores","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flores BCKlinger DRWhite JABatjer HH.Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome. Neurosurg Rev. 2017;40(1):15-28."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"51","article-title":"Hemorrhage risk and clinical features of multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations","volume":"23","author":"Boone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boone CECaplan JMYang WHemorrhage risk and clinical features of multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;23:51-57."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"176","article-title":"Complications of surgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain","volume":"78","author":"Morgan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morgan MKJohnston IHHallinan JMWeber NC.Complications of surgery for arteriovenous malformations of the brain. J Neurosurg. 1993;78(2):176-182."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Multisession CyberKnife radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations","volume":"58","author":"Sinclair","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sinclair JChang SDGibbs ICAdler JRJr.Multisession CyberKnife radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(6):1081-1089."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e230","article-title":"CyberKnife radiosurgery for spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience","volume":"175","author":"Suzuki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suzuki TKagawa KSato KNomura RIrie KIchi S.CyberKnife radiosurgery for spinal intramedullary arteriovenous malformations: a single-center experience. World Neurosurg. 2023;175:e230-e237."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"124","article-title":"Spinal cord dose tolerance to stereotactic body radiation therapy","volume":"110","author":"Sahgal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahgal AChang JHMa LSpinal cord dose tolerance to stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021;110(1):124-136."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"73","article-title":"Radiotherapy-induced malignancies: review of clinical features, pathobiology, and evolving approaches for mitigating risk","volume":"3","author":"Braunstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Braunstein SNakamura JL.Radiotherapy-induced malignancies: review of clinical features, pathobiology, and evolving approaches for mitigating risk. Front Oncol. 2013;3:73."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","series-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol","first-page":"339","article-title":"Advantages of radiation therapy simulation with 0.35 tesla magnetic resonance imaging for stereotactic ablation of spinal metastases","volume":"10","author":"Spieler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spieler BSamuels SELlorente RYechieli RFord JCMellon EA.Advantages of radiation therapy simulation with 0.35 tesla magnetic resonance imaging for stereotactic ablation of spinal metastases. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2020;10(5):339-344."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/22\/article-CASE25413.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/22\/article-CASE25413.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/22\/article-CASE25413.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:11:18Z","timestamp":1769685078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/22\/article-CASE25413.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case25413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}}}