{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:36:49Z","timestamp":1769726209970,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intraparenchymal cysts are rare complications that are most commonly associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt or external ventricular drain malfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors describe a rare case of intraparenchymal cyst formation after intraparenchymal intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor placement for traumatic brain injury. The cyst developed after device removal, was demonstrated on CT and MR images, and improved following surgical drainage. Bacterial cultures of both the catheter tip and cyst fluid were negative. The cyst showed near-total resolution after device removal and surgical drainage at the 5-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tissue reaction and reactive gliosis may contribute to cyst formation around monitoring devices. Clinicians should be aware of this unusual complication, especially after intraparenchymal ICP monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25491\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25491<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:13:20Z","timestamp":1769685200000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraparenchymal cyst formation after invasive intracranial pressure monitoring: a rare complication. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Heng-Chun","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1487-9730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yung-Shen","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Complications of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring devices in neurocritical care","volume":"43","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tavakoli SPeitz GAres WHafeez SGrandhi R.Complications of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring devices in neurocritical care. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(5):E6."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"236","article-title":"Risk factors and complications of intracranial pressure monitoring with a fiberoptic device","volume":"16","author":"Bekar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bekar ADo\u011fan SAba\u015f FRisk factors and complications of intracranial pressure monitoring with a fiberoptic device. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(2):236-240."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Intensive Care Soc","first-page":"250","article-title":"Depth of intraparenchymal brain monitoring devices in neurosurgical intensive care","volume":"11","author":"Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross MJMcLellan SAAndrews PJ.Depth of intraparenchymal brain monitoring devices in neurosurgical intensive care. J Intensive Care Soc. 2010;11(4):250-252."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"581","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: a rare complication with challenging diagnosis\u2014case presentation and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Karydakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karydakis PNikas IPanagopoulos DFilippidou MSfakianos GThemistocleous M.Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: a rare complication with challenging diagnosis\u2014case presentation and review of the literature. Asian J Neurosurg. 2019;14(2):581-584."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"195","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst as an indicator of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction: a case-based update","volume":"13","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Oliveira STCavalcante-Neto JFMatos LEOIntraparenchymal pericatheter cyst as an indicator of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction: a case-based update. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:195."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib6","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Reversible CSF cyst related to a functioning ventriculo-peritoneal shunt","volume":"147","author":"Vajramani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vajramani GVFugleholm K.Reversible CSF cyst related to a functioning ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(11):1199-1202."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"697","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operations for hydrocephalus. Report of three cases","volume":"57","author":"Chiba","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chiba YTakagi HNakajima FCerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operations for hydrocephalus. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 1982;57(5):697-700."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"179","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid edema associated with shunt obstruction","volume":"81","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sakamoto HFujitani KKitano SMurata KHakuba A.Cerebrospinal fluid edema associated with shunt obstruction. J Neurosurg. 1994;81(2):179-183."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"255","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst. A rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus","volume":"14","author":"Iqbal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Iqbal JHassounah MSheikh B.Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst. A rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus. Br J Neurosurg. 2000;14(3):255-258."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Adv Neurol","first-page":"345","article-title":"Biomechanics of brain edema and effects on local cerebral blood flow","volume":"28","author":"Marmarou","year":"1980","unstructured":"Marmarou ATakagi HShulman K.Biomechanics of brain edema and effects on local cerebral blood flow. Adv Neurol. 1980;28:345-358."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Zentralbl Neurochir","first-page":"152","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion: does it always merit shunt revision?","volume":"69","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sinha AKLall RBenson RO\u2019Brien DFBuxton N.Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion: does it always merit shunt revision? Zentralbl Neurochir. 2008;69(3):152-154."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"215","article-title":"A progressive enlarging intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst and cerebral spinal fluid edema following Ommaya reservoir placement","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen YFu XWang JA progressive enlarging intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst and cerebral spinal fluid edema following Ommaya reservoir placement. J Craniofac Surg. 2021;32(1):215-217."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"611","article-title":"A porencephalic cyst formation in a 6-year-old female with a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case-based review","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park HJLee SHPark HJShin SH.A porencephalic cyst formation in a 6-year-old female with a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case-based review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34(4):611-616."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Complications of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring devices in neurocritical care","volume":"43","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tavakoli SPeitz GAres WHafeez SGrandhi R.Complications of invasive intracranial pressure monitoring devices in neurocritical care. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(5):E6."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"236","article-title":"Risk factors and complications of intracranial pressure monitoring with a fiberoptic device","volume":"16","author":"Bekar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bekar ADo\u011fan SAba\u015f FRisk factors and complications of intracranial pressure monitoring with a fiberoptic device. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(2):236-240."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Intensive Care Soc","first-page":"250","article-title":"Depth of intraparenchymal brain monitoring devices in neurosurgical intensive care","volume":"11","author":"Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross MJMcLellan SAAndrews PJ.Depth of intraparenchymal brain monitoring devices in neurosurgical intensive care. J Intensive Care Soc. 2010;11(4):250-252."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"581","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: a rare complication with challenging diagnosis\u2014case presentation and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Karydakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karydakis PNikas IPanagopoulos DFilippidou MSfakianos GThemistocleous M.Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst after cerebrospinal fluid shunt: a rare complication with challenging diagnosis\u2014case presentation and review of the literature. Asian J Neurosurg. 2019;14(2):581-584."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"195","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst as an indicator of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction: a case-based update","volume":"13","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Oliveira STCavalcante-Neto JFMatos LEOIntraparenchymal pericatheter cyst as an indicator of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction: a case-based update. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:195."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib6","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Reversible CSF cyst related to a functioning ventriculo-peritoneal shunt","volume":"147","author":"Vajramani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vajramani GVFugleholm K.Reversible CSF cyst related to a functioning ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(11):1199-1202."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"697","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operations for hydrocephalus. Report of three cases","volume":"57","author":"Chiba","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chiba YTakagi HNakajima FCerebrospinal fluid edema: a rare complication of shunt operations for hydrocephalus. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 1982;57(5):697-700."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"179","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid edema associated with shunt obstruction","volume":"81","author":"Sakamoto","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sakamoto HFujitani KKitano SMurata KHakuba A.Cerebrospinal fluid edema associated with shunt obstruction. J Neurosurg. 1994;81(2):179-183."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"255","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst. A rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus","volume":"14","author":"Iqbal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Iqbal JHassounah MSheikh B.Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst. A rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus. Br J Neurosurg. 2000;14(3):255-258."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Adv Neurol","first-page":"345","article-title":"Biomechanics of brain edema and effects on local cerebral blood flow","volume":"28","author":"Marmarou","year":"1980","unstructured":"Marmarou ATakagi HShulman K.Biomechanics of brain edema and effects on local cerebral blood flow. Adv Neurol. 1980;28:345-358."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Zentralbl Neurochir","first-page":"152","article-title":"Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion: does it always merit shunt revision?","volume":"69","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sinha AKLall RBenson RO\u2019Brien DFBuxton N.Intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion: does it always merit shunt revision? Zentralbl Neurochir. 2008;69(3):152-154."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"215","article-title":"A progressive enlarging intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst and cerebral spinal fluid edema following Ommaya reservoir placement","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen YFu XWang JA progressive enlarging intraparenchymal pericatheter cyst and cerebral spinal fluid edema following Ommaya reservoir placement. J Craniofac Surg. 2021;32(1):215-217."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"611","article-title":"A porencephalic cyst formation in a 6-year-old female with a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case-based review","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park HJLee SHPark HJShin SH.A porencephalic cyst formation in a 6-year-old female with a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case-based review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34(4):611-616."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/21\/article-CASE25491.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/21\/article-CASE25491.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/21\/article-CASE25491.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:13:20Z","timestamp":1769685200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/10\/21\/article-CASE25491.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case25491","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]}}}