{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:36:01Z","timestamp":1769726161235,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common spinal procedure with a well-established safety profile. While direct vertebral artery injury is rare and typically recognized intraoperatively, delayed posterior circulation stroke is an even less common but major complication. In patients with risk factors for vascular disease, vascular stress from surgical manipulation may predispose them to thromboembolic events that are not immediately apparent. Transient intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) changes may represent early, underrecognized indicators of such vascular compromise.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n The authors present the case of a 61-year-old male who underwent elective three-level ACDF for degenerative cervical myelopathy. During cage placement, transient right-sided somatosensory evoked potential signal attenuation occurred, while other IONM signaling remained stable. On postoperative day 1, the patient developed dysarthria, hemiparesis, and hoarseness (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 7). MRI revealed bilateral cerebellar and pontine infarcts, and CT angiography showed right vertebral artery occlusion. He was treated with antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy, followed by intensive rehabilitation. The patient achieved full motor recovery within 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n This case highlights the need for vascular risk stratification in ACDF patients with comorbidities, where preoperative vascular imaging may be beneficial. Transient, lateralized IONM changes, although reversible, may indicate early vascular compromise and warrant heightened postoperative vigilance for delayed stroke.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25587<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:59:49Z","timestamp":1769083189000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transient neuromonitoring changes and delayed vertebrobasilar infarction following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jacob M.","family":"Chaisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack A.","family":"Leoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellery A.","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel C.","family":"Tender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0374-8968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amit K.","family":"Bhandutia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e107","article-title":"Perioperative neurological complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: clinical impact on 317,789 patients from the National Inpatient Sample","volume":"128","author":"Kashkoush","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kashkoush AMehta AAgarwal NPerioperative neurological complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: clinical impact on 317,789 patients from the National Inpatient Sample. World Neurosurg. 2019;128:e107-e115."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"779","article-title":"Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery: a survey of more than 5600 operations","volume":"33","author":"Neo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neo MFujibayashi SMiyata MTakemoto MNakamura T.Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery: a survey of more than 5600 operations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(7):779-785."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e841","article-title":"The incidence of vertebral artery injury in cervical spine surgery","volume":"181","author":"Ball","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ball JRShelby TMertz KThe incidence of vertebral artery injury in cervical spine surgery. World Neurosurg. 2024;181:e841-e847."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"109","article-title":"Intraoperative ischemic stroke in elective spine surgery: a retrospective study of incidence and risk","volume":"45","author":"Ishak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ishak BAbdul-Jabbar ASingla AIntraoperative ischemic stroke in elective spine surgery: a retrospective study of incidence and risk. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020;45(2):109-115."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"597","article-title":"Postoperative stroke after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients with carotid artery stenosis: a statewide database analysis","volume":"19","author":"Chughtai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chughtai MSultan AAPadilla JPostoperative stroke after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients with carotid artery stenosis: a statewide database analysis. Spine J. 2019;19(4):597-601."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"86","article-title":"Delayed cerebral infarct following anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion","volume":"7","author":"Graffeo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graffeo CSPuffer RCWijdicks EFMKrauss WE.Delayed cerebral infarct following anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7:86."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"4","article-title":"Unexplained perioperative vertebrobasilar stroke in a patient undergoing anterior cervical decompression and disc arthroplasty","volume":"9","author":"Berg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berg AJJensen CDJeavons RPReddy GRFreisem T.Unexplained perioperative vertebrobasilar stroke in a patient undergoing anterior cervical decompression and disc arthroplasty. Int J Spine Surg. 2015;9:4."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Orthop Case Rep","first-page":"130","article-title":"Vertebral artery variation and imposed risks associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures: a case study with surgeons\u2019 perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Tiell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tiell JRyu RTodd LFoster JGundler C.Vertebral artery variation and imposed risks associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures: a case study with surgeons\u2019 perspectives. J Orthop Case Rep. 2024;14(8):130-134."},{"issue":"15","key":"bib9","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E960","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of the vertebral arteries and posterior portion of the circle of Willis for cervical spine surgery using 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography","volume":"38","author":"Sano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sano AHirano TWatanabe KPreoperative evaluation of the vertebral arteries and posterior portion of the circle of Willis for cervical spine surgery using 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(15):E960-E967."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"261","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of MRI and nonenhanced CT for high-risk vertebral artery anatomy for subaxial anterior cervical spine surgery safety","volume":"36","author":"Okano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okano ISalzmann SNWinter FThe diagnostic accuracy of MRI and nonenhanced CT for high-risk vertebral artery anatomy for subaxial anterior cervical spine surgery safety. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;36(2):261-268."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med","first-page":"251","article-title":"Atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease in the neck","volume":"5","author":"Caplan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Caplan LR.Atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease in the neck. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2003;5(3):251-256."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","first-page":"1002","article-title":"2011 ASA\/ACCF\/AHA\/AANN\/AANS\/ACR\/ASNR\/CNS\/SAIP\/SCAI\/SIR\/SNIS\/SVM\/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery","volume":"57","author":"Brott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brott TGHalperin JLAbbara S2011 ASA\/ACCF\/AHA\/AANN\/AANS\/ACR\/ASNR\/CNS\/SAIP\/SCAI\/SIR\/SNIS\/SVM\/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(8):1002-1044."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Intensive Care Med","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring for spine surgery: a practical guide from past to present","volume":"36","author":"Buhl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buhl LKBastos ABPollard RJNeurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring for spine surgery: a practical guide from past to present. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36(11):1237-1249."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"555","article-title":"What is the predictive value of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring for postoperative neurological deficit in cervical spine surgery? A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reddy RPChang RRosario BPWhat is the predictive value of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring for postoperative neurological deficit in cervical spine surgery? A meta-analysis. Spine J. 2021;21(4):555-570."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"737","article-title":"Evaluation of intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring during 100 cervical operations","volume":"18","author":"Epstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Epstein NEDanto JNardi D.Evaluation of intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring during 100 cervical operations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18(6):737-747."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"560","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked potential changes in neuroendovascular procedures: incidence and association with clinical outcome in 873 patients","volume":"75","author":"Phillips","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phillips JLHChalouhi NJabbour PSomatosensory evoked potential changes in neuroendovascular procedures: incidence and association with clinical outcome in 873 patients. Neurosurgery. 2014;75(5):560-567."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"157","article-title":"Posterior cerebral artery infarction associated with carotid dissection","volume":"7","author":"Libman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Libman RBLustrin ES.Posterior cerebral artery infarction associated with carotid dissection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 1998;7(2):157-160."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib18","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1423","article-title":"The use of somatosensory evoked potentials to determine the relationship between intraoperative arterial blood pressure and intraoperative upper extremity position-related neurapraxia in the prone surrender position during spine surgery: a retrospective analysis","volume":"122","author":"Kamel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamel IZhao HKoch SABrister NBarnette RE.The use of somatosensory evoked potentials to determine the relationship between intraoperative arterial blood pressure and intraoperative upper extremity position-related neurapraxia in the prone surrender position during spine surgery: a retrospective analysis. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(5):1423-1433."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"217","article-title":"Anesthetic effects on electrophysiologic recordings","volume":"15","author":"Sloan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sloan TB.Anesthetic effects on electrophysiologic recordings. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;15(3):217-226."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"817","article-title":"Evoked potential monitoring identifies possible neurological injury during positioning for craniotomy","volume":"109","author":"Anastasian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anastasian ZHRamnath BKomotar RJEvoked potential monitoring identifies possible neurological injury during positioning for craniotomy. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(3):817-821."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"113","article-title":"Somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials after vascular lesions of the brain-stem and diencephalon","volume":"98","author":"No\u00ebl","year":"1975","unstructured":"No\u00ebl PDesmedt JE.Somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials after vascular lesions of the brain-stem and diencephalon. Brain. 1975;98(1):113-128."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"715","article-title":"Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Guan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guan QChen LLong YXiang Z.Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:715-722."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib23","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","first-page":"129","article-title":"Atherosclerosis in the vertebral artery: an intrinsic risk factor in the use of spinal manipulation?","volume":"28","author":"Cagnie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cagnie BBarbaix EVinck ED\u2019Herde KCambier D.Atherosclerosis in the vertebral artery: an intrinsic risk factor in the use of spinal manipulation? Surg Radiol Anat. 2006;28(2):129-134."},{"issue":"21","key":"bib24","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E658","article-title":"Atraumatic vertebral artery dissection after cervical corpectomy: a traction injury?","volume":"30","author":"Dickerman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dickerman RDZigler JE.Atraumatic vertebral artery dissection after cervical corpectomy: a traction injury? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(21):E658-E661."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Front Hum Neurosci","first-page":"761186","article-title":"Interaction of the left-right somatosensory pathways in patients with thalamic hemorrhage: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Ishii","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ishii DIshibashi KTakeda KInteraction of the left-right somatosensory pathways in patients with thalamic hemorrhage: a case report. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021;15:761186."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"191","article-title":"Ipsilateral sensorimotor deficits in lateral medullary infarction: a case report","volume":"23","author":"Sameshima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sameshima TMorita AYamaoka YIchikawa Y.Ipsilateral sensorimotor deficits in lateral medullary infarction: a case report. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;23(1):191-193."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"17","article-title":"Somatosensory-evoked potential asymmetry in medullary ischemia during cervical spine surgery","volume":"29","author":"Tran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tran CTKhoo LTMartin NAFong SSNuwer MR.Somatosensory-evoked potential asymmetry in medullary ischemia during cervical spine surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;29(1):17-22."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","series-title":"JAAOS Glob Res Rev","first-page":"e21.00273","article-title":"To use or not use intraoperative neuromonitoring: utilization of neuromonitoring during spine surgeries and associated conflicts of interest, a cross-sectional survey study","volume":"6","author":"Bible","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bible JEGoss M.To use or not use intraoperative neuromonitoring: utilization of neuromonitoring during spine surgeries and associated conflicts of interest, a cross-sectional survey study. JAAOS Glob Res Rev. 2022;6(3):e21.00273."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib29","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"385","article-title":"Intraoperative neuromonitoring for anterior cervical spine surgery: what is the evidence?","volume":"42","author":"Ajiboye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ajiboye RMZoller SDSharma AIntraoperative neuromonitoring for anterior cervical spine surgery: what is the evidence? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(6):385-393."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","first-page":"73","article-title":"Diagnostic value of somatosensory evoked potential changes during carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Nwachuku","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nwachuku ELBalzer JRYabes JGHabeych MECrammond DJThirumala PD.Diagnostic value of somatosensory evoked potential changes during carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(1):73-80."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib31","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1352","article-title":"Intraoperative multimodal evoked potential monitoring during carotid endarterectomy: a retrospective study of 264 patients","volume":"120","author":"Malcharek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malcharek MJKulpok ADeletis VIntraoperative multimodal evoked potential monitoring during carotid endarterectomy: a retrospective study of 264 patients. Anesth Analg. 2015;120(6):1352-1360."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e107","article-title":"Perioperative neurological complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: clinical impact on 317,789 patients from the National Inpatient Sample","volume":"128","author":"Kashkoush","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kashkoush AMehta AAgarwal NPerioperative neurological complications following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: clinical impact on 317,789 patients from the National Inpatient Sample. World Neurosurg. 2019;128:e107-e115."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"779","article-title":"Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery: a survey of more than 5600 operations","volume":"33","author":"Neo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neo MFujibayashi SMiyata MTakemoto MNakamura T.Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery: a survey of more than 5600 operations. 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Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020;45(2):109-115."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"597","article-title":"Postoperative stroke after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients with carotid artery stenosis: a statewide database analysis","volume":"19","author":"Chughtai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chughtai MSultan AAPadilla JPostoperative stroke after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients with carotid artery stenosis: a statewide database analysis. Spine J. 2019;19(4):597-601."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"86","article-title":"Delayed cerebral infarct following anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion","volume":"7","author":"Graffeo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graffeo CSPuffer RCWijdicks EFMKrauss WE.Delayed cerebral infarct following anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7:86."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"4","article-title":"Unexplained perioperative vertebrobasilar stroke in a patient undergoing anterior cervical decompression and disc arthroplasty","volume":"9","author":"Berg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berg AJJensen CDJeavons RPReddy GRFreisem T.Unexplained perioperative vertebrobasilar stroke in a patient undergoing anterior cervical decompression and disc arthroplasty. Int J Spine Surg. 2015;9:4."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Orthop Case Rep","first-page":"130","article-title":"Vertebral artery variation and imposed risks associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures: a case study with surgeons\u2019 perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Tiell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tiell JRyu RTodd LFoster JGundler C.Vertebral artery variation and imposed risks associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures: a case study with surgeons\u2019 perspectives. J Orthop Case Rep. 2024;14(8):130-134."},{"issue":"15","key":"bib9","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E960","article-title":"Preoperative evaluation of the vertebral arteries and posterior portion of the circle of Willis for cervical spine surgery using 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography","volume":"38","author":"Sano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sano AHirano TWatanabe KPreoperative evaluation of the vertebral arteries and posterior portion of the circle of Willis for cervical spine surgery using 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(15):E960-E967."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"261","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of MRI and nonenhanced CT for high-risk vertebral artery anatomy for subaxial anterior cervical spine surgery safety","volume":"36","author":"Okano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okano ISalzmann SNWinter FThe diagnostic accuracy of MRI and nonenhanced CT for high-risk vertebral artery anatomy for subaxial anterior cervical spine surgery safety. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;36(2):261-268."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med","first-page":"251","article-title":"Atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease in the neck","volume":"5","author":"Caplan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Caplan LR.Atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease in the neck. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2003;5(3):251-256."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","first-page":"1002","article-title":"2011 ASA\/ACCF\/AHA\/AANN\/AANS\/ACR\/ASNR\/CNS\/SAIP\/SCAI\/SIR\/SNIS\/SVM\/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery","volume":"57","author":"Brott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brott TGHalperin JLAbbara S2011 ASA\/ACCF\/AHA\/AANN\/AANS\/ACR\/ASNR\/CNS\/SAIP\/SCAI\/SIR\/SNIS\/SVM\/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(8):1002-1044."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Intensive Care Med","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring for spine surgery: a practical guide from past to present","volume":"36","author":"Buhl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buhl LKBastos ABPollard RJNeurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring for spine surgery: a practical guide from past to present. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36(11):1237-1249."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"555","article-title":"What is the predictive value of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring for postoperative neurological deficit in cervical spine surgery? A meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reddy RPChang RRosario BPWhat is the predictive value of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring for postoperative neurological deficit in cervical spine surgery? A meta-analysis. Spine J. 2021;21(4):555-570."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"737","article-title":"Evaluation of intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring during 100 cervical operations","volume":"18","author":"Epstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Epstein NEDanto JNardi D.Evaluation of intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring during 100 cervical operations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18(6):737-747."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"560","article-title":"Somatosensory evoked potential changes in neuroendovascular procedures: incidence and association with clinical outcome in 873 patients","volume":"75","author":"Phillips","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phillips JLHChalouhi NJabbour PSomatosensory evoked potential changes in neuroendovascular procedures: incidence and association with clinical outcome in 873 patients. Neurosurgery. 2014;75(5):560-567."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"157","article-title":"Posterior cerebral artery infarction associated with carotid dissection","volume":"7","author":"Libman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Libman RBLustrin ES.Posterior cerebral artery infarction associated with carotid dissection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 1998;7(2):157-160."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib18","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1423","article-title":"The use of somatosensory evoked potentials to determine the relationship between intraoperative arterial blood pressure and intraoperative upper extremity position-related neurapraxia in the prone surrender position during spine surgery: a retrospective analysis","volume":"122","author":"Kamel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamel IZhao HKoch SABrister NBarnette RE.The use of somatosensory evoked potentials to determine the relationship between intraoperative arterial blood pressure and intraoperative upper extremity position-related neurapraxia in the prone surrender position during spine surgery: a retrospective analysis. 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Anesth Analg. 2009;109(3):817-821."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"113","article-title":"Somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials after vascular lesions of the brain-stem and diencephalon","volume":"98","author":"No\u00ebl","year":"1975","unstructured":"No\u00ebl PDesmedt JE.Somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials after vascular lesions of the brain-stem and diencephalon. Brain. 1975;98(1):113-128."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"715","article-title":"Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Guan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guan QChen LLong YXiang Z.Iatrogenic vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review. 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