{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:36:46Z","timestamp":1769726206213,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Intramedullary gangliocytoma, a tumor rarely seen in the spinal cord, presents unique diagnostic and operative challenges. The authors present 2 cases illustrating these complexities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n The first patient, a 34-year-old woman with cerebral palsy, had 6 years of ascending numbness and worsening leg weakness, bladder incontinence, and thoracic radicular pain. MRI revealed a slightly enhancing area of cord enlargement extending from T5 to the conus. The second patient, a 45-year-old man with unilateral vestibular schwannoma, presented with slowly progressive left leg weakness and an intramedullary tumor at C7\u2013T1. Each patient underwent surgical tumor removal, with one resected completely and the other subtotally. Both surgical specimens demonstrated clusters of ganglion cells strongly immunopositive for neurofilament proteins amid prominent neuropil islands, with no evidence of a glial component, confirming a diagnosis of gangliocytoma. The first patient had a follow-up period of 13 years without tumor recurrence, while the second patient had a follow-up of 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n Although these tumors have a pseudocapsule that may assist safe resection, their interface with normal cord is sometimes focally indistinct. Subtotal resection in some cases may prevent new neurological deficit while permitting long-term maintenance of preoperative levels of function with stable residual disease.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2570<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:06:00Z","timestamp":1762214760000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nuances in the surgical treatment of gangliocytomas of the spinal cord: illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hassan H.","family":"Amhaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6441-4291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina","family":"Abi Faraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Gubbiotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian E.","family":"McCutcheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Spinal cord gangliogliomas: a review of 56 patients","volume":"68","author":"Jallo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jallo GIFreed DEpstein FJ.Spinal cord gangliogliomas: a review of 56 patients. J Neurooncol. 2004;68(1):71-77."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"895","article-title":"Gangliocytoma of the spinal cord","volume":"60","author":"Komotar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Komotar RJO\u2019Toole JEMocco JGangliocytoma of the spinal cord. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(5):895-895."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"402","article-title":"Intramedullary secretory gangliocytoma","volume":"82","author":"Azzarelli","year":"1991","unstructured":"Azzarelli BLuerssen TGWolfe TM.Intramedullary secretory gangliocytoma. Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82(5):402-407."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"377","article-title":"Gangliocytoma of the spinal cord: a case report","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Choi YHKim IOCheon JEGangliocytoma of the spinal cord: a case report. Pediatr Radiol. 2001;31(5):377-380."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"326","article-title":"Intramedullary spinal cord gangliocytoma: case report and a review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Jacob","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacob JTCohen-Gadol AAScheithauer BWKrauss WE.Intramedullary spinal cord gangliocytoma: case report and a review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 2005;28(4):326-329."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"889","article-title":"Gangliocytoma of the cervicothoracic spinal cord","volume":"16","author":"Russo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Russo CPKatz DSCorona RJWinfield JA.Gangliocytoma of the cervicothoracic spinal cord. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16(4)(suppl):889-891."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"623","article-title":"Utility of neurophysiological monitoring using dorsal column mapping in intramedullary spinal cord surgery","volume":"12","author":"Yanni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yanni DSUlkatan SDeletis VBarrenechea IJSen CPerin NI.Utility of neurophysiological monitoring using dorsal column mapping in intramedullary spinal cord surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;12(6):623-628."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"893","article-title":"Intramedullary gangliocytoma with calcification and multiple intramedullary cysts","volume":"54","author":"Wakao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wakao NImagama S.Intramedullary gangliocytoma with calcification and multiple intramedullary cysts. Neuroradiology. 2012;54(8):893-895."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"158","article-title":"A rare case of concomitant intramedullary gangliocytoma at the cervicomedullary junction in patient with neuroendocrine tumor of lung","volume":"59","author":"Aydemir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aydemir FCekinmez MKardes OKayaselcuk F.A rare case of concomitant intramedullary gangliocytoma at the cervicomedullary junction in patient with neuroendocrine tumor of lung. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2016;59(2):158-160."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib10","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"e29029","article-title":"BCR-NTRK2 fusion in a pediatric patient with spinal gangliocytoma","volume":"68","author":"Gupte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupte AMarupudi NIMody SKupsky WGorsi HS.BCR-NTRK2 fusion in a pediatric patient with spinal gangliocytoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021;68(7):e29029."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol","first-page":"51","article-title":"Glioneuronal tumors of the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"McLendon","year":"2002","unstructured":"McLendon REProvenzale J.Glioneuronal tumors of the central nervous system. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2002;19(2):51-58."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"67","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of diencephalic neuronal and glioneuronal tumors","volume":"79","author":"Ho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ho CYBornhorst MAlmira-Suarez MIClinicopathologic features of diencephalic neuronal and glioneuronal tumors. 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Neurochirurgie. 2017;63(5):413-418."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"163","article-title":"Spinal ganglioneuroma: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"180","author":"Yousefi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yousefi OSaghebdoust SAbdollahifard SSpinal ganglioneuroma: a systematic review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2023;180:163-168.e7."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"149","article-title":"Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord","volume":"71","author":"Baehring","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baehring JOgle ESze GDuncan CBannykh S.Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord. J Neurooncol. 2005;71(2):149."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"bib17","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"183","article-title":"Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord: report of a case and review of literature","volume":"18","author":"Marucci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marucci GBarbanera ASerchi EAndreoli A.Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord: report of a case and review of literature. Eur Spine J. 2009;18(suppl 2):183-185."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib18","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"952","article-title":"Intramedullary ganglioneuroma of spinal cord: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"13","author":"Kalyanaraman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kalyanaraman UPHenderson JP.Intramedullary ganglioneuroma of spinal cord: a clinicopathologic study. Hum Pathol. 1982;13(10):952-955."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"363","article-title":"Multifocal neurocytoma\/gangliocytoma with extensive leptomeningeal dissemination in the brain and spinal cord","volume":"20","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yamamoto TKomori TShibata NToyoda CKobayashi M.Multifocal neurocytoma\/gangliocytoma with extensive leptomeningeal dissemination in the brain and spinal cord. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20(3):363-370."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib20","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"537","article-title":"Neurocytomas of spinal cord","volume":"87","author":"Coca","year":"1994","unstructured":"Coca SMoreno MMartos JARodriguez JBarcena AVaquero J.Neurocytomas of spinal cord. 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Brain Pathol. 2015;25(1):109-110."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib23","series-title":"FASEB J","first-page":"A391","article-title":"Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord with a 15 year follow-up: case report","volume":"21","author":"Smieskol-Gumusoglu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smieskol-Gumusoglu ADLlena JAbbott IRShiminski-Maher TMiller DC.Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord with a 15 year follow-up: case report. FASEB J. 2007;21(5):A391-A391."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"591","article-title":"Factors associated with progression-free survival and long-term neurological outcome after resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: analysis of 101 consecutive cases","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00e9s-Ambrossi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garc\u00e9s-Ambrossi GLMcGirt MJMehta VAFactors associated with progression-free survival and long-term neurological outcome after resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: analysis of 101 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009;11(5):591-599."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Spinal cord gangliogliomas: a review of 56 patients","volume":"68","author":"Jallo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jallo GIFreed DEpstein FJ.Spinal cord gangliogliomas: a review of 56 patients. J Neurooncol. 2004;68(1):71-77."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"895","article-title":"Gangliocytoma of the spinal cord","volume":"60","author":"Komotar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Komotar RJO\u2019Toole JEMocco JGangliocytoma of the spinal cord. Neurosurgery. 2007;60(5):895-895."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"402","article-title":"Intramedullary secretory gangliocytoma","volume":"82","author":"Azzarelli","year":"1991","unstructured":"Azzarelli BLuerssen TGWolfe TM.Intramedullary secretory gangliocytoma. Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82(5):402-407."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"377","article-title":"Gangliocytoma of the spinal cord: a case report","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Choi YHKim IOCheon JEGangliocytoma of the spinal cord: a case report. Pediatr Radiol. 2001;31(5):377-380."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"326","article-title":"Intramedullary spinal cord gangliocytoma: case report and a review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Jacob","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacob JTCohen-Gadol AAScheithauer BWKrauss WE.Intramedullary spinal cord gangliocytoma: case report and a review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 2005;28(4):326-329."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"889","article-title":"Gangliocytoma of the cervicothoracic spinal cord","volume":"16","author":"Russo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Russo CPKatz DSCorona RJWinfield JA.Gangliocytoma of the cervicothoracic spinal cord. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16(4)(suppl):889-891."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"623","article-title":"Utility of neurophysiological monitoring using dorsal column mapping in intramedullary spinal cord surgery","volume":"12","author":"Yanni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yanni DSUlkatan SDeletis VBarrenechea IJSen CPerin NI.Utility of neurophysiological monitoring using dorsal column mapping in intramedullary spinal cord surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2010;12(6):623-628."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"893","article-title":"Intramedullary gangliocytoma with calcification and multiple intramedullary cysts","volume":"54","author":"Wakao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wakao NImagama S.Intramedullary gangliocytoma with calcification and multiple intramedullary cysts. Neuroradiology. 2012;54(8):893-895."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"158","article-title":"A rare case of concomitant intramedullary gangliocytoma at the cervicomedullary junction in patient with neuroendocrine tumor of lung","volume":"59","author":"Aydemir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aydemir FCekinmez MKardes OKayaselcuk F.A rare case of concomitant intramedullary gangliocytoma at the cervicomedullary junction in patient with neuroendocrine tumor of lung. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2016;59(2):158-160."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib10","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"e29029","article-title":"BCR-NTRK2 fusion in a pediatric patient with spinal gangliocytoma","volume":"68","author":"Gupte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupte AMarupudi NIMody SKupsky WGorsi HS.BCR-NTRK2 fusion in a pediatric patient with spinal gangliocytoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021;68(7):e29029."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Brain Tumor Pathol","first-page":"51","article-title":"Glioneuronal tumors of the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"McLendon","year":"2002","unstructured":"McLendon REProvenzale J.Glioneuronal tumors of the central nervous system. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2002;19(2):51-58."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"67","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of diencephalic neuronal and glioneuronal tumors","volume":"79","author":"Ho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ho CYBornhorst MAlmira-Suarez MIClinicopathologic features of diencephalic neuronal and glioneuronal tumors. 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Neurochirurgie. 2017;63(5):413-418."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"163","article-title":"Spinal ganglioneuroma: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"180","author":"Yousefi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yousefi OSaghebdoust SAbdollahifard SSpinal ganglioneuroma: a systematic review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2023;180:163-168.e7."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"149","article-title":"Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord","volume":"71","author":"Baehring","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baehring JOgle ESze GDuncan CBannykh S.Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord. J Neurooncol. 2005;71(2):149."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"bib17","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"183","article-title":"Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord: report of a case and review of literature","volume":"18","author":"Marucci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marucci GBarbanera ASerchi EAndreoli A.Ganglioneurocytoma of the spinal cord: report of a case and review of literature. Eur Spine J. 2009;18(suppl 2):183-185."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib18","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"952","article-title":"Intramedullary ganglioneuroma of spinal cord: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"13","author":"Kalyanaraman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kalyanaraman UPHenderson JP.Intramedullary ganglioneuroma of spinal cord: a clinicopathologic study. 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Acta Neuropathol. 1994;87(5):537-540."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","first-page":"569","article-title":"Neurocytoma of the spinal cord: report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"151","author":"Polli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Polli FMSalvati MMiscusi MDelfini RGiangaspero F.Neurocytoma of the spinal cord: report of three cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir. 2009;151(6):569-574."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"109","article-title":"48 year old woman with right leg and arm numbness","volume":"25","author":"Sinha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sinha NWooff JShankar JJSGorman PMacaulay RJ.48 year old woman with right leg and arm numbness. 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FASEB J. 2007;21(5):A391-A391."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"591","article-title":"Factors associated with progression-free survival and long-term neurological outcome after resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: analysis of 101 consecutive cases","volume":"11","author":"Garc\u00e9s-Ambrossi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garc\u00e9s-Ambrossi GLMcGirt MJMehta VAFactors associated with progression-free survival and long-term neurological outcome after resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: analysis of 101 consecutive cases. 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