{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:31:37Z","timestamp":1785148297203,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors report the first case of an adult patient with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) due to dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) who underwent total corpus callosotomy (CC) for drug-resistant epilepsy, resulting in a significant reduction in seizure frequency and improved quality of life (QOL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A patient developed upper limb myoclonus followed by tonic seizures in the upper and lower limbs at 8 years of age with progressive symptoms of cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline at 10 years of age. The patient was diagnosed with DRPLA. Despite antiepileptic drug therapy, seizures persisted and worsened, leading to oxygen desaturation during epileptic seizures. Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCSs) evolved into status epilepticus, lasting more than 30 minutes every day. Therefore, the authors considered that a surgical intervention may alleviate daily seizures. To warrant the rapid therapeutic effect, a total CC was performed. The frequency and severity of his seizures decreased significantly after surgery, and tonic seizures and FBTCSs with oxygen desaturation disappeared 1 year after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total CC for refractory PME with severe cognitive impairment can not only alleviate seizures rapidly but also improve patients\u2019 QOL. Therefore, CC may represent a viable therapeutic option for refractory PME.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2576\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2576<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T02:42:11Z","timestamp":1751856131000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Total corpus callosotomy for an adult patient with progressive myoclonic epilepsy associated with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daiki","family":"Mine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Shimogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5747-8692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasunari","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5437-943X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Shigeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusuke","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0209-3565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akira","family":"Nakamizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-2024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Koji","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"296","article-title":"Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: specific causes and diagnosis","volume":"315","author":"Berkovic","year":"1986","unstructured":"Berkovic SFAndermann FCarpenter SWolfe LS.Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: specific causes and diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 1986;315(5):296-305."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"bib2","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"19","article-title":"Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: clinical and genetic aspects","volume":"34","author":"Berkovic","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berkovic SFCochius JAndermann EAndermann F.Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: clinical and genetic aspects. Epilepsia. 1993;34(suppl 3):19-30."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib3","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"798","article-title":"Familial myoclonus epilepsy and choreoathetosis: hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy","volume":"32","author":"Naito","year":"1982","unstructured":"Naito HOyanagi S.Familial myoclonus epilepsy and choreoathetosis: hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Neurology. 1982;32(8):798-807."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"9","article-title":"Unstable expansion of CAG repeat in hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)","volume":"6","author":"Koide","year":"1994","unstructured":"Koide RIkeuchi TOnodera OUnstable expansion of CAG repeat in hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). Nat Genet. 1994;6(1):9-13."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"14","article-title":"Dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy expansion of an unstable CAG trinucleotide on chromosome 12p","volume":"6","author":"Nagafuchi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nagafuchi SYanagisawa HSato KDentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy expansion of an unstable CAG trinucleotide on chromosome 12p. Nat Genet. Dent. 1994;6(1):14-18."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"772","article-title":"Age-related electrical status epilepticus during sleep and epileptic negative myoclonus in DRPLA","volume":"66","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kobayashi KHata HOka MAge-related electrical status epilepticus during sleep and epileptic negative myoclonus in DRPLA. Neurology. 2006;66(5):772-773."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib7","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Surgical and developmental outcomes of corpus callosotomy for West syndrome in patients without MRI lesions","volume":"59","author":"Baba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baba HToda KOno THonda RBaba S.Surgical and developmental outcomes of corpus callosotomy for West syndrome in patients without MRI lesions. Epilepsia. 2018;59(12):2231-2239."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"124","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of seizure outcomes after corpus callosotomy","volume":"18","author":"Sunaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sunaga SShimizu HSugano H.Long-term follow-up of seizure outcomes after corpus callosotomy. Seizure. 2009;18(2):124-128."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"217","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy in a pediatric patient with Waardenburg syndrome Type I","volume":"12","author":"Shimogawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimogawa TMukae NMorioka TCorpus callosotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy in a pediatric patient with Waardenburg syndrome Type I. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:217."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"509","article-title":"Total corpus callosotomy for medically refractory status epilepticus due to progressive myoclonic epilepsy: a clinically challenging case","volume":"127","author":"Larijani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larijani AKarvigh SANadri SShirani MAlimohamadi M.Total corpus callosotomy for medically refractory status epilepticus due to progressive myoclonic epilepsy: a clinically challenging case. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:509-513."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib11","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht-Lundborg type","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith BShatz RElisevich KBespalova INBurmeister M.Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht-Lundborg type. Epilepsia. 2000;41(8):1046-1048."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib12","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1984","article-title":"Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the STN\/SNr for progressive myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"48","author":"Vesper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vesper JSteinhoff BRona SChronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the STN\/SNr for progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007;48(10):1984-1989."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"489","article-title":"Chronic high frequency deep-brain stimulation in progressive myoclonic epilepsy in adulthood: report of five cases","volume":"52","author":"Wille","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wille CSteinhoff BJAltenm\u00fcller DMChronic high frequency deep-brain stimulation in progressive myoclonic epilepsy in adulthood: report of five cases. Epilepsia. 2011;52(3):489-496."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"740","article-title":"Surgical division of commissural pathways in the corpus callosum: relation to spread of an epileptic attack","volume":"44","author":"Van Wagenen","year":"1940","unstructured":"Van Wagenen WPHerren RV.Surgical division of commissural pathways in the corpus callosum: relation to spread of an epileptic attack. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1940;44:740-759."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","first-page":"101066","article-title":"Possible relationship between vagus nerve stimulation and ictal discharges revealed by long-term electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic monitoring in a non-responsive patient","volume":"24","author":"Shimogawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimogawa TMukae NMorioka TPossible relationship between vagus nerve stimulation and ictal discharges revealed by long-term electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic monitoring in a non-responsive patient. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2021;24:101066."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"224","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of medically intractable seizures. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group","volume":"45","author":"","year":"1995","unstructured":"A randomized controlled trial of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of medically intractable seizures. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group. Neurology. 1995;45(2):224-230."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"48","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial","volume":"51","author":"Handforth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Handforth ADeGiorgio CMSchachter SCVagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial. Neurology. 1998;51(1):48-55."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"478","article-title":"Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation over time: review of 65 consecutive patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy treated with VNS > 10 years","volume":"20","author":"Elliott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elliott REMorsi ATanweer OEfficacy of vagus nerve stimulation over time: review of 65 consecutive patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy treated with VNS > 10 years. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;20(3):478-483."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Long-term treatment with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group E01-E05","volume":"53","author":"Morris","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morris GLIIIMueller WM.Long-term treatment with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group E01-E05. Neurology. 1999;53(8):1731-1735."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"67","article-title":"Surgical outcome of corpus callosotomy in patients with drop attacks","volume":"42","author":"Maehara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maehara TShimizu H.Surgical outcome of corpus callosotomy in patients with drop attacks. Epilepsia. 2001;42(1):67-71."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib21","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"904","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: seizure outcome and prognostic factors","volume":"34","author":"Reutens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reutens DCBye AMHopkins IJCorpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: seizure outcome and prognostic factors. Epilepsia. 1993;34(5):904-909."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib22","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"910","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy in treatment of medically resistant epilepsy: preliminary results in a pediatric population","volume":"34","author":"Cendes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cendes FRagazzo PCda Costa VMartins LF.Corpus callosotomy in treatment of medically resistant epilepsy: preliminary results in a pediatric population. Epilepsia. 1993;34(5):910-917."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"19","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy for epilepsy. I. Seizure effects","volume":"38","author":"Spencer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Spencer SSSpencer DDWilliamson PDSass KNovelly RAMattson RH.Corpus callosotomy for epilepsy. I. Seizure effects. Neurology. 1988;38(1):19-24."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"7","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after corpus callosotomy in patients with bihemispheric malformations of cortical development","volume":"101","author":"Kawai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kawai KShimizu HYagishita AMaehara TTamagawa K.Clinical outcomes after corpus callosotomy in patients with bihemispheric malformations of cortical development. J Neurosurg. 2004;101(1suppl):7-15."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib25","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Results of anterior corpus callosum section in 24 patients with medically intractable seizures","volume":"38","author":"Purves","year":"1988","unstructured":"Purves SJWada JAWoodhurst WBResults of anterior corpus callosum section in 24 patients with medically intractable seizures. Neurology. 1988;38(8):1194-1201."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"573","article-title":"Seizure outcome from anterior and complete corpus callosotomy","volume":"74","author":"Fuiks","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fuiks KSWyler ARHermann BPSomes G.Seizure outcome from anterior and complete corpus callosotomy. J Neurosurg. 1991;74(4):573-578."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"688","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy: a quantitative study of the extent of resection, seizure control, and neuropsychological outcome","volume":"79","author":"Mamelak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mamelak ANBarbaro NMWalker JALaxer KD.Corpus callosotomy: a quantitative study of the extent of resection, seizure control, and neuropsychological outcome. J Neurosurg. 1993;79(5):688-695."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","series-title":"J Neurosurg Sci","first-page":"59","article-title":"Neuropsychological alterations after split-brain surgery","volume":"41","author":"Sauerwein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sauerwein HCLassonde M.Neuropsychological alterations after split-brain surgery. J Neurosurg Sci. 1997;41(1):59-66."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29","series-title":"J Epilepsy","first-page":"202","article-title":"Magnetoencephalographic evaluation of anterior corpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Ishibashi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ishibashi HMorioka TShigeto HYamamoto TNishio SFukui M.Magnetoencephalographic evaluation of anterior corpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. J Epilepsy. 1998;11(4):202-207."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"296","article-title":"Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: specific causes and diagnosis","volume":"315","author":"Berkovic","year":"1986","unstructured":"Berkovic SFAndermann FCarpenter SWolfe LS.Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: specific causes and diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 1986;315(5):296-305."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"bib2","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"19","article-title":"Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: clinical and genetic aspects","volume":"34","author":"Berkovic","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berkovic SFCochius JAndermann EAndermann F.Progressive myoclonus epilepsies: clinical and genetic aspects. Epilepsia. 1993;34(suppl 3):19-30."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib3","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"798","article-title":"Familial myoclonus epilepsy and choreoathetosis: hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy","volume":"32","author":"Naito","year":"1982","unstructured":"Naito HOyanagi S.Familial myoclonus epilepsy and choreoathetosis: hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Neurology. 1982;32(8):798-807."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"9","article-title":"Unstable expansion of CAG repeat in hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)","volume":"6","author":"Koide","year":"1994","unstructured":"Koide RIkeuchi TOnodera OUnstable expansion of CAG repeat in hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). Nat Genet. 1994;6(1):9-13."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"14","article-title":"Dentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy expansion of an unstable CAG trinucleotide on chromosome 12p","volume":"6","author":"Nagafuchi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nagafuchi SYanagisawa HSato KDentatorubral and pallidoluysian atrophy expansion of an unstable CAG trinucleotide on chromosome 12p. Nat Genet. Dent. 1994;6(1):14-18."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"772","article-title":"Age-related electrical status epilepticus during sleep and epileptic negative myoclonus in DRPLA","volume":"66","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kobayashi KHata HOka MAge-related electrical status epilepticus during sleep and epileptic negative myoclonus in DRPLA. Neurology. 2006;66(5):772-773."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib7","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"2231","article-title":"Surgical and developmental outcomes of corpus callosotomy for West syndrome in patients without MRI lesions","volume":"59","author":"Baba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baba HToda KOno THonda RBaba S.Surgical and developmental outcomes of corpus callosotomy for West syndrome in patients without MRI lesions. Epilepsia. 2018;59(12):2231-2239."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"124","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of seizure outcomes after corpus callosotomy","volume":"18","author":"Sunaga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sunaga SShimizu HSugano H.Long-term follow-up of seizure outcomes after corpus callosotomy. Seizure. 2009;18(2):124-128."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"217","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy in a pediatric patient with Waardenburg syndrome Type I","volume":"12","author":"Shimogawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimogawa TMukae NMorioka TCorpus callosotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy in a pediatric patient with Waardenburg syndrome Type I. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:217."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"509","article-title":"Total corpus callosotomy for medically refractory status epilepticus due to progressive myoclonic epilepsy: a clinically challenging case","volume":"127","author":"Larijani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larijani AKarvigh SANadri SShirani MAlimohamadi M.Total corpus callosotomy for medically refractory status epilepticus due to progressive myoclonic epilepsy: a clinically challenging case. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:509-513."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib11","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht-Lundborg type","volume":"41","author":"Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith BShatz RElisevich KBespalova INBurmeister M.Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht-Lundborg type. Epilepsia. 2000;41(8):1046-1048."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib12","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1984","article-title":"Chronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the STN\/SNr for progressive myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"48","author":"Vesper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vesper JSteinhoff BRona SChronic high-frequency deep brain stimulation of the STN\/SNr for progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007;48(10):1984-1989."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"489","article-title":"Chronic high frequency deep-brain stimulation in progressive myoclonic epilepsy in adulthood: report of five cases","volume":"52","author":"Wille","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wille CSteinhoff BJAltenm\u00fcller DMChronic high frequency deep-brain stimulation in progressive myoclonic epilepsy in adulthood: report of five cases. Epilepsia. 2011;52(3):489-496."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","first-page":"740","article-title":"Surgical division of commissural pathways in the corpus callosum: relation to spread of an epileptic attack","volume":"44","author":"Van Wagenen","year":"1940","unstructured":"Van Wagenen WPHerren RV.Surgical division of commissural pathways in the corpus callosum: relation to spread of an epileptic attack. 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Neurology. 1998;51(1):48-55."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"478","article-title":"Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation over time: review of 65 consecutive patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy treated with VNS > 10 years","volume":"20","author":"Elliott","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elliott REMorsi ATanweer OEfficacy of vagus nerve stimulation over time: review of 65 consecutive patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy treated with VNS > 10 years. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;20(3):478-483."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Long-term treatment with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group E01-E05","volume":"53","author":"Morris","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morris GLIIIMueller WM.Long-term treatment with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group E01-E05. Neurology. 1999;53(8):1731-1735."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"67","article-title":"Surgical outcome of corpus callosotomy in patients with drop attacks","volume":"42","author":"Maehara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maehara TShimizu H.Surgical outcome of corpus callosotomy in patients with drop attacks. Epilepsia. 2001;42(1):67-71."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib21","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"904","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: seizure outcome and prognostic factors","volume":"34","author":"Reutens","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reutens DCBye AMHopkins IJCorpus callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: seizure outcome and prognostic factors. Epilepsia. 1993;34(5):904-909."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib22","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"910","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy in treatment of medically resistant epilepsy: preliminary results in a pediatric population","volume":"34","author":"Cendes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cendes FRagazzo PCda Costa VMartins LF.Corpus callosotomy in treatment of medically resistant epilepsy: preliminary results in a pediatric population. Epilepsia. 1993;34(5):910-917."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"19","article-title":"Corpus callosotomy for epilepsy. I. Seizure effects","volume":"38","author":"Spencer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Spencer SSSpencer DDWilliamson PDSass KNovelly RAMattson RH.Corpus callosotomy for epilepsy. I. Seizure effects. 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