{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:06:16Z","timestamp":1776096376006,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 1 spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are vascular malformations that present with nonspecific neurological manifestations and imaging characteristics that can closely resemble high-grade intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors present the case of a 75-year-old male with 18 months of progressive thoracic myelopathy, who was referred for a spinal biopsy for a suspected IMSCT. The spine MRI study was notable for T2\/short tau inversion recovery hyperintensity extending from T7 to L2 with no significant flow voids. MR angiography, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and lumbar puncture studies were unremarkable. A corticosteroid trial did not delineate the underlying etiology, increasing diagnostic uncertainty between IMSCT and SDAVF. Therefore, a T11\u201312 laminectomy for a surgical exploration was indicated. Intraoperatively, an arterialized vein arising from the right T12 neural foramen was identified, confirmed with indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and ligated. Postoperative clinical and radiographic improvement confirmed the diagnosis of SDAVF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case illustrates how SDAVF can masquerade as infiltrative IMSCT, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion for arteriovenous shunting during the workup of suspected IMSCT. A repeat DSA study should be considered when the initial DSA is negative, and in the setting of surgical exploration, the early use of intraoperative ICG angiography can be valuable for identifying pathology successfully.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25787\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25787<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:29:07Z","timestamp":1770895747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula masquerading as infiltrative intramedullary spinal cord tumor: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Aarathi","family":"Manchikalapudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Ironside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilo E.","family":"Fadul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Druzgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8230-5999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashok R.","family":"Asthagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Front Surg","article-title":"Diagnostic, clinical management, and outcomes in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula","volume":"11","author":"Filis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Filis ARomualdo SMFEngellandt KDiagnostic, clinical management, and outcomes in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Front Surg. 2024;11:1374321. doi:10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1374321"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg","first-page":"203","article-title":"Pathophysiology and classification of intracranial and spinal dural AVF","volume":"24","author":"Sim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sim SY.Pathophysiology and classification of intracranial and spinal dural AVF. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2022;24(3):203-209. doi:10.7461\/jcen.2022.E2021.04.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"18266","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a retrospective study of 118 patients","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng YRen YHou JClinical outcomes and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a retrospective study of 118 patients. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):18266. doi:10.1038\/s41598-023-45599-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol","first-page":"446","article-title":"Surgical treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome, complications and prognostic factors","volume":"51","author":"Wojciechowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wojciechowski JKunert PNowak ASurgical treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome, complications and prognostic factors. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2017;51(6):446-453. doi:10.1016\/j.pjnns.2017.07.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Chin Neurosurg J","first-page":"2","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a comprehensive review of the history, classification systems, management, and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Alkhaibary","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alkhaibary AAlharbi AAlnefaie NSpinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a comprehensive review of the history, classification systems, management, and prognosis. Chin Neurosurg J. 2024;10(1):2. doi:10.1186\/s41016-023-00355-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"902","article-title":"Legacy and current understanding of the often-misunderstood Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: historical vignette","volume":"111","author":"Ferrell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferrell ASTubbs RSAcakpo-Satchivi LDeveikis JPHarrigan MR.Legacy and current understanding of the often-misunderstood Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: historical vignette. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(5):902-906. doi:10.3171\/2007.11.17656"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1578","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical presentation and long-term follow-up in 49 patients","volume":"33","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Dijk JMCTerBrugge KGWillinsky RAFarb RIWallace MC.Multidisciplinary management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical presentation and long-term follow-up in 49 patients. Stroke. 2002;33(6):1578-1583. doi:10.1161\/01.STR.0000018009.83713.06"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"928","article-title":"Frequency of spinal arteriovenous malformations in patients with unexplained myelopathy","volume":"66","author":"Strom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strom RGDerdeyn CPMoran CJFrequency of spinal arteriovenous malformations in patients with unexplained myelopathy. Neurology. 2006;66(6):928-931. doi:10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203501.88444.7a"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"159","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas\u2014an underdiagnosed disease: a review of patients admitted to the spinal unit of a rehabilitation center","volume":"253","author":"Jellema","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jellema KTijssen CCSluzewski Mvan Asbeck FWKoudstaal PJvan Gijn J.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas\u2014an underdiagnosed disease: a review of patients admitted to the spinal unit of a rehabilitation center. J Neurol. 2006;253(2):159-162. doi:10.1007\/s00415-005-0936-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","series-title":"Glob Spine J","first-page":"425","article-title":"Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part I\u2014epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"Samartzis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samartzis DGillis CCShih PO\u2019Toole JEFessler RG.Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part I\u2014epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Glob Spine J. 2015;5(5):425-435. doi:10.1055\/s-0035-1549029"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Clin Med","article-title":"Delayed diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report and scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka TYamane FSashida RDelayed diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report and scoping review. J Clin Med. 2024;13(3):711. doi:10.3390\/jcm13030711"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Front Neurol","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a rare but treatable disease that should not be missed by orthopedic surgeons","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang BLu THe XLi H.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a rare but treatable disease that should not be missed by orthopedic surgeons. Front Neurol. 2022;13:938342. doi:10.3389\/fneur.2022.938342"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Intramedullary masses of the spinal cord: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"40","author":"Shih","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shih RYKoeller KK.Intramedullary masses of the spinal cord: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2020;40(4):1125-1145. doi:10.1148\/rg.2020190196"},{"key":"bib14","article-title":"Intramedullary spinal cord tumors","author":"Davidson","unstructured":"Davidson CDas JMesfin F.Intramedullary spinal cord tumors. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Accessed January 12, 2026. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK442031\/"},{"key":"bib15","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula","author":"Wein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wein SKumar KLe L.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Radiopaedia.org; 2012. Accessed January 12, 2026. https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/spinal-dural-arteriovenous-fistula?lang=us"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"498","article-title":"Nonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and Other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Seo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seo HSKim JHLee DHNonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and Other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(3):498-503. doi:10.3174\/ajnr.A1864"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case series and review of imaging findings","volume":"3","author":"Fox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox SHnenny LAhmed UMeguro KKelly ME.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case series and review of imaging findings. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2017;3(1):17024. doi:10.1038\/scsandc.2017.24"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: review of clinical presentation, prognosis and imaging findings","volume":"48","author":"Bjarnason","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bjarnason JVilmarsson VOlafsson IHArkink EB.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: review of clinical presentation, prognosis and imaging findings. Neurosurg Rev. 2025;48(1):269. doi:10.1007\/s10143-025-03432-1"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2023","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2023."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib20","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","first-page":"833","article-title":"Corticosteroid-induced paraplegia\u2014a diagnostic clue for spinal dural arterial venous fistula","volume":"72","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe DTMikhail MALanzino GKallmes DFWeinshenker BG.Corticosteroid-induced paraplegia\u2014a diagnostic clue for spinal dural arterial venous fistula. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(7):833-834. doi:10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0757"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","series-title":"Case Rep Neurol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Acute clinical worsening after steroid administration in cervical myelitis may reveal a subdural arteriovenous fistula","volume":"8","author":"Rain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rain SUdding JBroere D.Acute clinical worsening after steroid administration in cervical myelitis may reveal a subdural arteriovenous fistula. Case Rep Neurol. 2016;8(3):234-242. doi:10.1159\/000452830"},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Front Surg","article-title":"Diagnostic, clinical management, and outcomes in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula","volume":"11","author":"Filis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Filis ARomualdo SMFEngellandt KDiagnostic, clinical management, and outcomes in patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Front Surg. 2024;11:1374321. doi:10.3389\/fsurg.2024.1374321"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg","first-page":"203","article-title":"Pathophysiology and classification of intracranial and spinal dural AVF","volume":"24","author":"Sim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sim SY.Pathophysiology and classification of intracranial and spinal dural AVF. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg. 2022;24(3):203-209. doi:10.7461\/jcen.2022.E2021.04.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"18266","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a retrospective study of 118 patients","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng YRen YHou JClinical outcomes and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a retrospective study of 118 patients. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):18266. doi:10.1038\/s41598-023-45599-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol","first-page":"446","article-title":"Surgical treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome, complications and prognostic factors","volume":"51","author":"Wojciechowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wojciechowski JKunert PNowak ASurgical treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome, complications and prognostic factors. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2017;51(6):446-453. doi:10.1016\/j.pjnns.2017.07.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Chin Neurosurg J","first-page":"2","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a comprehensive review of the history, classification systems, management, and prognosis","volume":"10","author":"Alkhaibary","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alkhaibary AAlharbi AAlnefaie NSpinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a comprehensive review of the history, classification systems, management, and prognosis. Chin Neurosurg J. 2024;10(1):2. doi:10.1186\/s41016-023-00355-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"902","article-title":"Legacy and current understanding of the often-misunderstood Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: historical vignette","volume":"111","author":"Ferrell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferrell ASTubbs RSAcakpo-Satchivi LDeveikis JPHarrigan MR.Legacy and current understanding of the often-misunderstood Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: historical vignette. J Neurosurg. 2009;111(5):902-906. doi:10.3171\/2007.11.17656"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1578","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical presentation and long-term follow-up in 49 patients","volume":"33","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Dijk JMCTerBrugge KGWillinsky RAFarb RIWallace MC.Multidisciplinary management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical presentation and long-term follow-up in 49 patients. Stroke. 2002;33(6):1578-1583. doi:10.1161\/01.STR.0000018009.83713.06"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"928","article-title":"Frequency of spinal arteriovenous malformations in patients with unexplained myelopathy","volume":"66","author":"Strom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strom RGDerdeyn CPMoran CJFrequency of spinal arteriovenous malformations in patients with unexplained myelopathy. Neurology. 2006;66(6):928-931. doi:10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203501.88444.7a"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"159","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas\u2014an underdiagnosed disease: a review of patients admitted to the spinal unit of a rehabilitation center","volume":"253","author":"Jellema","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jellema KTijssen CCSluzewski Mvan Asbeck FWKoudstaal PJvan Gijn J.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas\u2014an underdiagnosed disease: a review of patients admitted to the spinal unit of a rehabilitation center. J Neurol. 2006;253(2):159-162. doi:10.1007\/s00415-005-0936-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","series-title":"Glob Spine J","first-page":"425","article-title":"Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part I\u2014epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"Samartzis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samartzis DGillis CCShih PO\u2019Toole JEFessler RG.Intramedullary spinal cord tumors: part I\u2014epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. Glob Spine J. 2015;5(5):425-435. doi:10.1055\/s-0035-1549029"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Clin Med","article-title":"Delayed diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report and scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka TYamane FSashida RDelayed diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report and scoping review. J Clin Med. 2024;13(3):711. doi:10.3390\/jcm13030711"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Front Neurol","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a rare but treatable disease that should not be missed by orthopedic surgeons","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang BLu THe XLi H.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a rare but treatable disease that should not be missed by orthopedic surgeons. Front Neurol. 2022;13:938342. doi:10.3389\/fneur.2022.938342"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Intramedullary masses of the spinal cord: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"40","author":"Shih","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shih RYKoeller KK.Intramedullary masses of the spinal cord: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2020;40(4):1125-1145. doi:10.1148\/rg.2020190196"},{"key":"bib14","article-title":"Intramedullary spinal cord tumors","author":"Davidson","unstructured":"Davidson CDas JMesfin F.Intramedullary spinal cord tumors. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Accessed January 12, 2026. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK442031\/"},{"key":"bib15","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula","author":"Wein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wein SKumar KLe L.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Radiopaedia.org; 2012. Accessed January 12, 2026. https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/spinal-dural-arteriovenous-fistula?lang=us"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"498","article-title":"Nonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and Other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Seo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seo HSKim JHLee DHNonenhancing intramedullary astrocytomas and Other MR imaging features: a retrospective study and systematic review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(3):498-503. doi:10.3174\/ajnr.A1864"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case series and review of imaging findings","volume":"3","author":"Fox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox SHnenny LAhmed UMeguro KKelly ME.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a case series and review of imaging findings. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2017;3(1):17024. doi:10.1038\/scsandc.2017.24"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","article-title":"Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: review of clinical presentation, prognosis and imaging findings","volume":"48","author":"Bjarnason","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bjarnason JVilmarsson VOlafsson IHArkink EB.Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: review of clinical presentation, prognosis and imaging findings. Neurosurg Rev. 2025;48(1):269. doi:10.1007\/s10143-025-03432-1"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2023","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Spinal Metastases and Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2023."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib20","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","first-page":"833","article-title":"Corticosteroid-induced paraplegia\u2014a diagnostic clue for spinal dural arterial venous fistula","volume":"72","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe DTMikhail MALanzino GKallmes DFWeinshenker BG.Corticosteroid-induced paraplegia\u2014a diagnostic clue for spinal dural arterial venous fistula. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(7):833-834. doi:10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0757"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","series-title":"Case Rep Neurol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Acute clinical worsening after steroid administration in cervical myelitis may reveal a subdural arteriovenous fistula","volume":"8","author":"Rain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rain SUdding JBroere D.Acute clinical worsening after steroid administration in cervical myelitis may reveal a subdural arteriovenous fistula. Case Rep Neurol. 2016;8(3):234-242. doi:10.1159\/000452830"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/6\/article-CASE25787.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/6\/article-CASE25787.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/6\/article-CASE25787.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:25:54Z","timestamp":1776093954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/6\/article-CASE25787.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case25787","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]}}}