{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:07:43Z","timestamp":1776096463076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are associated with various clinical and neurological manifestations. Although cognitive dysfunction has been reported in patients with a CSF leak, its detailed characteristics and cognitive profile remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 17-year-old male patient developed progressive cognitive decline after minor head trauma. The initial neuroimaging findings were unremarkable; however, over several months, he exhibited memory impairment, academic decline, and personality changes. Neuropsychological testing has demonstrated significant deficits in visual memory, reduced working memory, and reduced processing speed. A detailed interview revealed a subtle orthostatic headache that had been present since the head injury, prompting further evaluation. Spinal MRI and CT myelography confirmed a CSF leak in the cervical spine. The patient underwent placement of a blind lumbar epidural blood patch, which resulted in immediate headache relief and gradual cognitive improvement, particularly in visual memory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF leaks can manifest primarily as cognitive dysfunction, even without typical headache or imaging findings, leading to diagnostic delays and potential misdiagnosis of psychiatric illnesses. Visual memory impairment might represent a characteristic and underrecognized feature of a CSF leak. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment with domain-specific testing is essential for accurate diagnosis of atypical presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25939\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25939<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:12:55Z","timestamp":1773925975000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak with cognitive dysfunction, especially visual memory disturbance: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kaito","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keijiro","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Kuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Korai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Headache Pain","first-page":"325","article-title":"Frequency of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in the emergency department","volume":"8","author":"Schievink","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schievink WIMaya MMMoser FTourje JTorbati S.Frequency of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in the emergency department. 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