{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1779361643270,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporal encephaloceles (TEs) are increasingly recognized as epileptogenic lesions in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. However, endoscopic endonasal surgery performed primarily to resect epileptogenic lesions remains extremely rare, largely because defining the optimal extent of resection is challenging without direct electrophysiological confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 41-year-old right-handed man presented with drug-resistant focal impaired consciousness seizures. MRI revealed a right TE herniating into the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus. Scalp EEG suggested seizure onset in the right anterior temporal region with no evidence of a widespread temporal epileptogenic network. Through an endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach, the encephalocele and adjacent temporal dura mater were exposed. Depth electrodes placed into the encephalocele and adjacent cortex demonstrated frequent spikes in both sites, confirming epileptogenicity. The encephalocele and a 7-mm margin of adjacent cortex were resected, followed by multilayer skull base reconstruction. The patient experienced no complications and remained seizure free for 48 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endonasal depth EEG enables direct confirmation of epileptogenicity in encephalocele-associated epilepsy and supports minimally invasive, tailored lesionectomy. In appropriately selected patients, particularly those without evidence of a widespread mesial temporal epileptogenic network, use of an endoscopic endonasal approach may avoid craniotomy while achieving durable seizure freedom.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25965\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25965<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:56:44Z","timestamp":1779109004000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoscopic endonasal depth EEG\u2013guided resection of a temporal encephalocele resulting in seizure freedom: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-8501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ohtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9104-2358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yohei","family":"Ishishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-0854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenji","family":"Ibayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-380X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naoto","family":"Kunii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8218-7360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kensuke","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"bib1","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Detection and characteristics of temporal encephaloceles in patients with refractory epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campbell ZMHyer JMLauzon SBonilha LSpampinato MVYazdani M.Detection and characteristics of temporal encephaloceles in patients with refractory epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018;39(8):1468-1472. doi:10.3174\/ajnr.A5704"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"e1200","article-title":"Epileptogenic role of occult temporal encephalomeningocele: case-control study","volume":"90","author":"Gasparini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gasparini SFerlazzo EPustorino GEpileptogenic role of occult temporal encephalomeningocele: case-control study. Neurology. 2018;90(14):e1200-e1203. doi:10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005263"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib3","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"2090","article-title":"Prevalence of asymptomatic middle cranial fossa floor pits and encephaloceles on MR imaging","volume":"40","author":"Benson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benson JCLane JIGeske JRGompel JVKrecke KN.Prevalence of asymptomatic middle cranial fossa floor pits and encephaloceles on MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40(12):2090-2093. doi:10.3174\/ajnr.A6311"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"13","article-title":"Characteristics of bilateral versus unilateral temporal encephalocele\u2013associated epilepsy","volume":"71","author":"Paule","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paule EFreiman TMStrzelczyk ACharacteristics of bilateral versus unilateral temporal encephalocele\u2013associated epilepsy. Seizure. 2019;71:13-19. doi:10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.022"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"110066","article-title":"Temporal lobe encephaloceles: electro-clinical characteristics and seizure outcome after tailored lesionectomy","volume":"160","author":"Garcia-Gracia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garcia-Gracia CRiaz SVallin CTemporal lobe encephaloceles: electro-clinical characteristics and seizure outcome after tailored lesionectomy. Epilepsy Behav. 2024;160:110066. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.110066"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"867.e1","article-title":"Spontaneous temporal pole encephalocele presenting with epilepsy: report of two cases","volume":"84","author":"Shimada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimada SKunii NKawai KSpontaneous temporal pole encephalocele presenting with epilepsy: report of two cases. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(3):867.e1-867.e6. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.04.028"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"e33","article-title":"Epilepsy with temporal encephalocele: characteristics of electrocorticography and surgical outcome","volume":"57","author":"Panov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panov FLi YChang EFKnowlton RCornes SB.Epilepsy with temporal encephalocele: characteristics of electrocorticography and surgical outcome. Epilepsia. 2016;57(2):e33-e38. doi:10.1111\/epi.13271"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"709","article-title":"Management of patients with medically intractable epilepsy and anterior temporal lobe encephaloceles","volume":"136","author":"Sandhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sandhu MRSMandel MMcGrath HManagement of patients with medically intractable epilepsy and anterior temporal lobe encephaloceles. J Neurosurg. 2022;136(3):709-716. doi:10.3171\/2021.3.JNS21133"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"109472","article-title":"Drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with temporal encephaloceles: how far to resect","volume":"148","author":"Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith KMKanth KMKrecke KNDrug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with temporal encephaloceles: how far to resect. Epilepsy Behav. 2023;148:109472. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109472"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav Rep","first-page":"100601","article-title":"Temporal encephalocele: an epileptogenic focus confirmed by direct intracranial electroencephalography","volume":"22","author":"Agashe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agashe SLundstrom BNBrinkmann BHTemporal encephalocele: an epileptogenic focus confirmed by direct intracranial electroencephalography. Epilepsy Behav Rep. 2023;22:100601. doi:10.1016\/j.ebr.2023.100601"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"109928","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of epilepsy associated with temporal encephalocele: a systematic review","volume":"158","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou DJWoodson-Smith SEmmert BEClinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of epilepsy associated with temporal encephalocele: a systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2024;158:109928. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109928"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"379","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele","volume":"12","author":"Mukae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mukae NKuga DMurakami DEndonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:379. doi:10.25259\/SNI_542_2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib13","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"3915","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal resection of olfactory tract hamartoma for pediatric epilepsy","volume":"40","author":"Kundishora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kundishora AJReeves BCLerner DKEndoscopic endonasal resection of olfactory tract hamartoma for pediatric epilepsy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2024;40(12):3915-3921. doi:10.1007\/s00381-024-06595-2"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"105963","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal repair of a temporal lobe meningoencephalocele in the pterygoid fossa: a case report and literature review","volume":"83","author":"Alokby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alokby GAlbathi AAlshurafa ZAlQahtani A.Endoscopic endonasal repair of a temporal lobe meningoencephalocele in the pterygoid fossa: a case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021;83:105963. doi:10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.105963"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"686","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: history and evolution","volume":"127","author":"Cavallo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cavallo LMSomma TSolari DEndoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: history and evolution. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:686-694. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.03.048"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus Video","first-page":"V8","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic approach for repair of a lateral sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak","volume":"12","author":"Delavari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Delavari NLawrence JDTangsrivimol JTesta MGodfrey KJSchwartz TH.Transorbital endoscopic approach for repair of a lateral sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak. Neurosurg Focus Video. 2025;12(2):V8. doi:10.3171\/2025.1.FOCVID24207"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"2857","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: a systematic literature review and anatomical description","volume":"44","author":"Vural","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vural ACarobbio ALCFerrari MTransorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: a systematic literature review and anatomical description. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(5):2857-2878. doi:10.1007\/s10143-020-01470-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"18","article-title":"The risk of meningitis following expanded endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Lai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lai LTTrooboff SMorgan MKHarvey RJ.The risk of meningitis following expanded endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: a systematic review. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014;75(1):18-26. doi:10.1055\/s-0033-1353365"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"579","article-title":"Retrospective review of surgical site infections after endoscopic endonasal sellar and parasellar surgery: multicenter quality data from the North American Skull Base Society","volume":"83","author":"Saleh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saleh SSullivan SEBellile ERetrospective review of surgical site infections after endoscopic endonasal sellar and parasellar surgery: multicenter quality data from the North American Skull Base Society. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2022;83(6):579-588. doi:10.1055\/a-1865-3202"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"353","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography: surgical methodology, safety, and stereotactic application accuracy in 500 procedures","volume":"72","author":"Cardinale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cardinale FCossu MCastana LStereoelectroencephalography: surgical methodology, safety, and stereotactic application accuracy in 500 procedures. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(3):353-366. doi:10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827d1161"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib1","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Detection and characteristics of temporal encephaloceles in patients with refractory epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campbell ZMHyer JMLauzon SBonilha LSpampinato MVYazdani M.Detection and characteristics of temporal encephaloceles in patients with refractory epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2018;39(8):1468-1472. doi:10.3174\/ajnr.A5704"},{"issue":"14","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"e1200","article-title":"Epileptogenic role of occult temporal encephalomeningocele: case-control study","volume":"90","author":"Gasparini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gasparini SFerlazzo EPustorino GEpileptogenic role of occult temporal encephalomeningocele: case-control study. Neurology. 2018;90(14):e1200-e1203. doi:10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005263"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib3","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"2090","article-title":"Prevalence of asymptomatic middle cranial fossa floor pits and encephaloceles on MR imaging","volume":"40","author":"Benson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benson JCLane JIGeske JRGompel JVKrecke KN.Prevalence of asymptomatic middle cranial fossa floor pits and encephaloceles on MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40(12):2090-2093. doi:10.3174\/ajnr.A6311"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"13","article-title":"Characteristics of bilateral versus unilateral temporal encephalocele\u2013associated epilepsy","volume":"71","author":"Paule","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paule EFreiman TMStrzelczyk ACharacteristics of bilateral versus unilateral temporal encephalocele\u2013associated epilepsy. Seizure. 2019;71:13-19. doi:10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.05.022"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"110066","article-title":"Temporal lobe encephaloceles: electro-clinical characteristics and seizure outcome after tailored lesionectomy","volume":"160","author":"Garcia-Gracia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garcia-Gracia CRiaz SVallin CTemporal lobe encephaloceles: electro-clinical characteristics and seizure outcome after tailored lesionectomy. Epilepsy Behav. 2024;160:110066. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.110066"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"867.e1","article-title":"Spontaneous temporal pole encephalocele presenting with epilepsy: report of two cases","volume":"84","author":"Shimada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimada SKunii NKawai KSpontaneous temporal pole encephalocele presenting with epilepsy: report of two cases. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(3):867.e1-867.e6. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.04.028"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"e33","article-title":"Epilepsy with temporal encephalocele: characteristics of electrocorticography and surgical outcome","volume":"57","author":"Panov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panov FLi YChang EFKnowlton RCornes SB.Epilepsy with temporal encephalocele: characteristics of electrocorticography and surgical outcome. Epilepsia. 2016;57(2):e33-e38. doi:10.1111\/epi.13271"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"709","article-title":"Management of patients with medically intractable epilepsy and anterior temporal lobe encephaloceles","volume":"136","author":"Sandhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sandhu MRSMandel MMcGrath HManagement of patients with medically intractable epilepsy and anterior temporal lobe encephaloceles. J Neurosurg. 2022;136(3):709-716. doi:10.3171\/2021.3.JNS21133"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"109472","article-title":"Drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with temporal encephaloceles: how far to resect","volume":"148","author":"Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smith KMKanth KMKrecke KNDrug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with temporal encephaloceles: how far to resect. Epilepsy Behav. 2023;148:109472. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109472"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav Rep","first-page":"100601","article-title":"Temporal encephalocele: an epileptogenic focus confirmed by direct intracranial electroencephalography","volume":"22","author":"Agashe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agashe SLundstrom BNBrinkmann BHTemporal encephalocele: an epileptogenic focus confirmed by direct intracranial electroencephalography. Epilepsy Behav Rep. 2023;22:100601. doi:10.1016\/j.ebr.2023.100601"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"109928","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of epilepsy associated with temporal encephalocele: a systematic review","volume":"158","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou DJWoodson-Smith SEmmert BEClinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of epilepsy associated with temporal encephalocele: a systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2024;158:109928. doi:10.1016\/j.yebeh.2024.109928"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"379","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele","volume":"12","author":"Mukae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mukae NKuga DMurakami DEndonasal endoscopic surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with sphenoidal encephalocele. Surg Neurol Int. 2021;12:379. doi:10.25259\/SNI_542_2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib13","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"3915","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal resection of olfactory tract hamartoma for pediatric epilepsy","volume":"40","author":"Kundishora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kundishora AJReeves BCLerner DKEndoscopic endonasal resection of olfactory tract hamartoma for pediatric epilepsy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2024;40(12):3915-3921. doi:10.1007\/s00381-024-06595-2"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"105963","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal repair of a temporal lobe meningoencephalocele in the pterygoid fossa: a case report and literature review","volume":"83","author":"Alokby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alokby GAlbathi AAlshurafa ZAlQahtani A.Endoscopic endonasal repair of a temporal lobe meningoencephalocele in the pterygoid fossa: a case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021;83:105963. doi:10.1016\/j.ijscr.2021.105963"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"686","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: history and evolution","volume":"127","author":"Cavallo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cavallo LMSomma TSolari DEndoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: history and evolution. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:686-694. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.03.048"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus Video","first-page":"V8","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic approach for repair of a lateral sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak","volume":"12","author":"Delavari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Delavari NLawrence JDTangsrivimol JTesta MGodfrey KJSchwartz TH.Transorbital endoscopic approach for repair of a lateral sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak. Neurosurg Focus Video. 2025;12(2):V8. doi:10.3171\/2025.1.FOCVID24207"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"2857","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: a systematic literature review and anatomical description","volume":"44","author":"Vural","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vural ACarobbio ALCFerrari MTransorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: a systematic literature review and anatomical description. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(5):2857-2878. doi:10.1007\/s10143-020-01470-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"18","article-title":"The risk of meningitis following expanded endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Lai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lai LTTrooboff SMorgan MKHarvey RJ.The risk of meningitis following expanded endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: a systematic review. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014;75(1):18-26. doi:10.1055\/s-0033-1353365"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"579","article-title":"Retrospective review of surgical site infections after endoscopic endonasal sellar and parasellar surgery: multicenter quality data from the North American Skull Base Society","volume":"83","author":"Saleh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saleh SSullivan SEBellile ERetrospective review of surgical site infections after endoscopic endonasal sellar and parasellar surgery: multicenter quality data from the North American Skull Base Society. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2022;83(6):579-588. doi:10.1055\/a-1865-3202"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"353","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography: surgical methodology, safety, and stereotactic application accuracy in 500 procedures","volume":"72","author":"Cardinale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cardinale FCossu MCastana LStereoelectroencephalography: surgical methodology, safety, and stereotactic application accuracy in 500 procedures. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(3):353-366. doi:10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827d1161"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/20\/article-CASE25965.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/20\/article-CASE25965.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/20\/article-CASE25965.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:39:42Z","timestamp":1779359982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/20\/article-CASE25965.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case25965","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]}}}