{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1776096509168,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is commonly caused by a vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve (classical TN). Due to the high frequency of this compression at the nerve\u2019s root entry zone, a misunderstanding has arisen in the literature that this location is the only site that can cause TN. The present case demonstrates that TN can be caused by compression anywhere along the nerve\u2014even in the face.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 15-year-old female presented with medically refractory left TN. MRI revealed no neurovascular conflict at the root entry zone, but ultrasound revealed a lymphatic malformation in her face. After the lesion was sclerosed with bleomycin, her TN pain improved significantly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trigeminal nerve compression distal to the root entry zone, although uncommon, is a treatable cause of TN. Treatment for classical TN should consider the full anatomical course of the nerve and potential compression points. This case challenges the conventional understanding that TN is exclusively caused by compression at its more vulnerable root entry zone.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25973\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25973<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:27:35Z","timestamp":1776094055000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Facial lymphatic malformation: the root cause of trigeminal neuralgia is not its root. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9269-1176","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Intouch","family":"Sopchokchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin K. H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4788-7919","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrius","family":"Radziunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan T.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manraj K. S.","family":"Heran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Honey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"1","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS).The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. 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