{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:07:18Z","timestamp":1779361638489,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iatrogenic meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone is a complication of middle ear surgery and is typically associated with inflammation-related defects. Trauma-related iatrogenic meningoencephalocele is rare, and its pathogenesis remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A teenage girl sustained a head injury with a left temporal bone fracture that extended to the mastoid tegmen. Owing to sensorineural hearing loss and facial nerve palsy, she underwent mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty without exposure of the dura. Twelve months later, imaging revealed a meningoencephalocele herniating into the mastoidectomy cavity. Skull base reconstruction was performed via a middle cranial fossa approach. The dura beneath the fracture line had disappeared, and a bony defect of the mastoid tegmen was identified. Although the mastoid tegmen was preserved during mastoidectomy, the authors speculate that the persistent weight of the temporal lobe, acting on the tegmen after loss of postoperative support, progressively enlarged the bony and dural defects along the preexisting fracture line extending to the mastoid tegmen, ultimately resulting in a meningoencephalocele. The skull base was reconstructed using temporalis fascia, and the postoperative course was uneventful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skull base fractures of the tegmen, similar to inflammation-related defects, should be recognized as a risk factor for delayed iatrogenic meningoencephalocele after mastoidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26160\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26160<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case26160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:55:36Z","timestamp":1779108936000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Posttraumatic iatrogenic meningoencephalocele following tympanoplasty: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0093-3890","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuka","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6871-0792","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kei","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Egypt J Neurosurg","first-page":"31","article-title":"Post-traumatic meningoencephalocele as a complication after head trauma and surgery: literature review focusing on the relevance of patient\u2019s history and radiological follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Pesce","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pesce AArmocida DPetrella GFrati APompucci A.Post-traumatic meningoencephalocele as a complication after head trauma and surgery: literature review focusing on the relevance of patient\u2019s history and radiological follow-up. Egypt J Neurosurg. 2023;38(1):31. doi:10.1186\/s41984-023-00211-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"BMC Neurol","first-page":"421","article-title":"Case report: meningoencephalocele and recurrent bacterial meningitis in chronic idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang JWu JWu YWang YHan J.Case report: meningoencephalocele and recurrent bacterial meningitis in chronic idiopathic intracranial hypertension. BMC Neurol. 2022;22(1):421. doi:10.1186\/s12883-022-02959-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"320","article-title":"Temporal bone meningo-encephalic-herniation: etiological categorization and surgical strategy","volume":"39","author":"Grinblat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grinblat GDandinarasaiah MPrasad SCTemporal bone meningo-encephalic-herniation: etiological categorization and surgical strategy. Otol Neurotol. 2018;39(3):320-332. doi:10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001693"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"192","article-title":"Temporal bone meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks: experience in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"133","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta ASikka KIrugu DVKVerma HBhalla ASThakar A.Temporal bone meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks: experience in a tertiary care hospital. J Laryngol Otol. 2019;133(3):192-200. doi:10.1017\/S0022215119000203"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib5","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1579","article-title":"Management of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone: personal experience and literature review","volume":"119","author":"Sanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanna MFois PRusso AFalcioni M.Management of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone: personal experience and literature review. 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Sci Rep. 2025;16(1):30. doi:10.1038\/s41598-025-28722-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"103","article-title":"Risk assessment of brain retraction injury based on quantitative evaluation of brain retraction distance during skull-base meningioma surgery","volume":"49","author":"Yamashiro","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yamashiro KKozaki TFukumoto HRisk assessment of brain retraction injury based on quantitative evaluation of brain retraction distance during skull-base meningioma surgery. Neurosurg Rev. 2026;49(1):103. doi:10.1007\/s10143-025-04053-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","article-title":"Brain retraction injury: systematic literature review","volume":"46","author":"Roca","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roca ERamorino G.Brain retraction injury: systematic literature review. Neurosurg Rev. 2023;46(1):257. doi:10.1007\/s10143-023-02160-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Egypt J Neurosurg","first-page":"31","article-title":"Post-traumatic meningoencephalocele as a complication after head trauma and surgery: literature review focusing on the relevance of patient\u2019s history and radiological follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Pesce","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pesce AArmocida DPetrella GFrati APompucci A.Post-traumatic meningoencephalocele as a complication after head trauma and surgery: literature review focusing on the relevance of patient\u2019s history and radiological follow-up. 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