{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:58:24Z","timestamp":1785286704339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculous brain abscess is a rare manifestation of CNS tuberculosis, typically occurring in patients with significant immunosuppression. These lesions may present as solitary ring-enhancing masses and can radiographically resemble neoplastic processes, creating diagnostic and management challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 43-year-old man with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a remote history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis presented with progressively worsening unilateral headaches. MRI demonstrated a small, lobulated, peripherally enhancing posterior temporal lobe mass adjacent to dominant-hemisphere language cortex without surrounding edema, raising concern for a neoplastic lesion. Given the progressive symptoms and eloquent location, the patient underwent awake craniotomy with language mapping and gross-total resection. Histopathological evaluation revealed a chronic abscess with granulomatous inflammation, and acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction confirmed\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , establishing the diagnosis of tuberculous brain abscess. The patient recovered without new neurological deficits and showed clinical improvement at follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculous brain abscess can occur even in patients without overt immunodeficiency, including those with well-controlled HIV infection. Because imaging findings may overlap with neoplastic lesions and systemic infectious features may be absent, maintaining a broad differential diagnosis and pursuing timely tissue confirmation are essential to guide appropriate management and avoid delays in treating either infection or malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26178\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26178<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case26178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:01:14Z","timestamp":1784678474000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tuberculous brain abscess mimicking a neoplastic lesion in a patient with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus infection: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1200-2217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9319-6846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henry","family":"Noren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brennan","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxel","family":"Levin-Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"Ginalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter-Okaka","family":"Uchenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misha","family":"Movahed-Ezazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarag","family":"Boukhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Baisre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srihari","family":"Sundararajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8878-8776","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"881","key":"bib1","series-title":"Postgrad Med J","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the central nervous system","volume":"75","author":"Garg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garg RK.Tuberculosis of the central nervous system. 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