{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:32:37Z","timestamp":1785148357337,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal myoclonus is a rare movement disorder characterized by sudden, involuntary jerking movements arising from segmental spinal circuitry. Treatment is primarily directed toward underlying etiologies or symptomatic control with antiepileptic medications, botulinum toxin injections, or intrathecal therapies. Evidence supporting spinal cord stimulation (SCS) remains limited to isolated reports involving secondary etiologies such as cervical myelopathy or complex regional pain syndrome. The role of SCS in idiopathic segmental spinal myoclonus remains poorly defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An 83-year-old woman with medically refractory segmental spinal myoclonus involving the right paraspinal musculature, shoulder girdle, and upper back experienced near-complete resolution of symptoms following thoracic SCS after unsuccessful treatment with multiple medications and botulinum toxin injections. Permanent implantation resulted in sustained symptomatic improvement with complete resolution of jerks at the 7-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SCS may represent a promising neuromodulatory strategy for patients with idiopathic segmental spinal myoclonus refractory to conventional therapy. This case expands the limited literature supporting the use of SCS in spinal myoclonus and suggests a potential role for dorsal column neuromodulation even in the absence of structural spinal pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26322\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26322<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case26322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:05:45Z","timestamp":1782864345000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spinal cord stimulation for idiopathic spinal myoclonus: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0834-5535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Salaar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1288-4531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vafi","family":"Salmasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1151-6128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vivek P.","family":"Buch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4089-938X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mensure","family":"Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jehan Zahid","family":"Bahrainwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn M.","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurice","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4444-0433","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashwin G.","family":"Ramayya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","series-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol","first-page":"327","article-title":"Myoclonus\u2014a review","volume":"24","author":"Chandarana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandarana MSaraf UDivya KPKrishnan SKishore A.Myoclonus\u2014a review. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2021;24(3):327-338. doi:10.4103\/aian.AIAN_1180_20"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Clin Mov Disord","first-page":"18","article-title":"Spinal-generated movement disorders: a clinical review","volume":"2","author":"Termsarasab","year":"2015","unstructured":"Termsarasab PThammongkolchai TFrucht SJ.Spinal-generated movement disorders: a clinical review. J Clin Mov Disord. 2015;2(1):18. doi:10.1186\/s40734-015-0028-1"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib3","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"942","article-title":"Spinal myoclonus","volume":"27","author":"Hoehn","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hoehn MMCherington M.Spinal myoclonus. Neurology. 1977;27(10):942-942. doi:10.1212\/WNL.27.10.942"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"254","article-title":"Spinal myoclonus related to an arteriovenous malformation: response to clonazepam therapy","volume":"40","author":"Levy","year":"1983","unstructured":"Levy R.Spinal myoclonus related to an arteriovenous malformation: response to clonazepam therapy. Arch Neurol. 1983;40(4):254. doi:10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050040084019"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"663","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type I with spinal myoclonus\u2014a case report and review of literature","volume":"37","author":"Bose","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bose RBanerjee AD.Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type I with spinal myoclonus\u2014a case report and review of literature. Br J Neurosurg. 2023;37(4):663-665. doi:10.1080\/02688697.2018.1552755"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"44","article-title":"Treatment of spinal myoclonus due to degenerative compression myelopathy with cervical spinal cord stimulation: a report of 2 cases","volume":"136","author":"Tapia Perez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tapia Perez JHVoll CShararah S.Treatment of spinal myoclonus due to degenerative compression myelopathy with cervical spinal cord stimulation: a report of 2 cases. World Neurosurg. 2020;136:44-48. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.12.170"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation as a treatment option for complex regional pain syndrome: a narrative review","volume":"38","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliveira MDJMatis GK.Spinal cord stimulation as a treatment option for complex regional pain syndrome: a narrative review. Br J Neurosurg. 2024;38(6):1289-1293. doi:10.1080\/02688697.2022.2159930"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Physiol","first-page":"430","article-title":"A comparison of monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex responses from individual flexor motoneurones","volume":"164","author":"Perl","year":"1962","unstructured":"Perl ER.A comparison of monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex responses from individual flexor motoneurones. J Physiol. 1962;164(3):430-449. doi:10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp007030"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib9","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1097","article-title":"The pathophysiology of symptomatic propriospinal myoclonus","volume":"29","author":"Esposito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Esposito MErro REdwards MJThe pathophysiology of symptomatic propriospinal myoclonus. Mov Disord. 2014;29(9):1097-1099. doi:10.1002\/mds.25951"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib10","series-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","first-page":"978","article-title":"A theoretical study of epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord\u2014part II: effects on long myelinated fibers","volume":"BME-32","author":"Coburn","year":"1985","unstructured":"Coburn B.A theoretical study of epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord\u2014part II: effects on long myelinated fibers. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1985;BME-32(11):978-986. doi:10.1109\/TBME.1985.325649"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"367","article-title":"Release of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in the dorsal horn and suppression of tactile allodynia by spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic rats","volume":"39","author":"Stiller","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stiller COCui JGO\u2019Connor WTBrodin EMeyerson BALinderoth B.Release of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in the dorsal horn and suppression of tactile allodynia by spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic rats. 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J Clin Med. 2025;14(23):8615. doi:10.3390\/jcm14238615"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","series-title":"Neuromodulation","first-page":"47","article-title":"Current waveforms in spinal cord stimulation and their impact on the future of neuromodulation: a scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Wahezi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wahezi SECaparo MAMalhotra RCurrent waveforms in spinal cord stimulation and their impact on the future of neuromodulation: a scoping review. Neuromodulation. 2024;27(1):47-58. doi:10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.11.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","series-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol","first-page":"327","article-title":"Myoclonus\u2014a review","volume":"24","author":"Chandarana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandarana MSaraf UDivya KPKrishnan SKishore A.Myoclonus\u2014a review. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2021;24(3):327-338. doi:10.4103\/aian.AIAN_1180_20"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Clin Mov Disord","first-page":"18","article-title":"Spinal-generated movement disorders: a clinical review","volume":"2","author":"Termsarasab","year":"2015","unstructured":"Termsarasab PThammongkolchai TFrucht SJ.Spinal-generated movement disorders: a clinical review. J Clin Mov Disord. 2015;2(1):18. doi:10.1186\/s40734-015-0028-1"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib3","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"942","article-title":"Spinal myoclonus","volume":"27","author":"Hoehn","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hoehn MMCherington M.Spinal myoclonus. 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Br J Neurosurg. 2024;38(6):1289-1293. doi:10.1080\/02688697.2022.2159930"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Physiol","first-page":"430","article-title":"A comparison of monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex responses from individual flexor motoneurones","volume":"164","author":"Perl","year":"1962","unstructured":"Perl ER.A comparison of monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex responses from individual flexor motoneurones. J Physiol. 1962;164(3):430-449. doi:10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp007030"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib9","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1097","article-title":"The pathophysiology of symptomatic propriospinal myoclonus","volume":"29","author":"Esposito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Esposito MErro REdwards MJThe pathophysiology of symptomatic propriospinal myoclonus. 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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1985;BME-32(11):978-986. doi:10.1109\/TBME.1985.325649"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"367","article-title":"Release of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in the dorsal horn and suppression of tactile allodynia by spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic rats","volume":"39","author":"Stiller","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stiller COCui JGO\u2019Connor WTBrodin EMeyerson BALinderoth B.Release of \u03b3-aminobutyric acid in the dorsal horn and suppression of tactile allodynia by spinal cord stimulation in mononeuropathic rats. 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