{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:48:55Z","timestamp":1785890935983,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Superficial siderosis (SS) is a rare disease characterized by hemosiderin deposition on the brain or spinal surface, potentially leading to cerebellar ataxia, hearing loss, and dementia. For SS caused by spinal dural defects, surgical closure prevents clinical progression; however, precise localization of very small defects remains challenging with conventional imaging modalities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n A 47-year-old male with progressive SS was diagnosed with CSF leakage from a ventral spinal dural defect, but the lesion could not be localized clearly by MRI. CT myelography focusing on the difference in contrast enhancement between true and false lumens revealed an isodense crossing point at C7\u2013T1, which corresponded to a 1 \u00d7 2\u2013mm ventral dural defect identified intraoperatively, resulting in successful surgical repair. The postoperative course was uneventful, and follow-up MRI revealed complete absence of a false lumen.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n Identifying an isodense crossing point between intradural and extradural spaces on CT myelography may help localize tiny dural defects in patients with SS.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26471<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case26471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:01:35Z","timestamp":1785888095000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Superficial siderosis caused by a tiny dural defect localized by an isodense crossing point on CT myelography: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashi-Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuta","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1340-3293","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"333","article-title":"Infratentorial superficial siderosis: classification, diagnostic criteria, and rational investigation pathway","volume":"81","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson DChatterjee FFarmer SFInfratentorial superficial siderosis: classification, diagnostic criteria, and rational investigation pathway. Ann Neurol. 2017;81(3):333-343. doi:10.1002\/ana.24850"},{"issue":"24","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1992","article-title":"Beyond superficial siderosis: introducing \u201cduropathies\u201d","volume":"78","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar N.Beyond superficial siderosis: introducing \u201cduropathies\u201d. Neurology. 2012;78(24):1992-1999. doi:10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e272"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Simple sutureless closure of a thoracic ventral dural defect in a patient with superficial siderosis: technical report","volume":"38","author":"Yano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yano YTakeshima YOkamoto AYokoyama SNakagawa INakase H.Simple sutureless closure of a thoracic ventral dural defect in a patient with superficial siderosis: technical report. Br J Neurosurg. 2024;38(5):1199-1202. doi:10.1080\/02688697.2022.2106351"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Superficial siderosis","volume":"66","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar NCohen-Gadol AAWright RAMiller GMPiepgras DGAhlskog JE.Superficial siderosis. Neurology. 2006;66(8):1144-1152. doi:10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208510.76323.5b"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5","series-title":"Med Hypotheses","first-page":"823","article-title":"A proposed mechanism of superficial siderosis supported by surgical and neuroimaging findings","volume":"76","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheng CYChen MHWang SJLin KP.A proposed mechanism of superficial siderosis supported by surgical and neuroimaging findings. Med Hypotheses. 2011;76(6):823-826. doi:10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.02.028"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Spinal dural leaks in patients with infratentorial superficial siderosis of the central nervous system\u2014refinement of a diagnostic algorithm","volume":"29","author":"Friedauer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Friedauer LRezny-Kasprzak BSteinmetz Hdu Mesnil de Rochemont RFoerch C.Spinal dural leaks in patients with infratentorial superficial siderosis of the central nervous system\u2014refinement of a diagnostic algorithm. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(4):1136-1144. doi:10.1111\/ene.14611"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"62","article-title":"CSF Tau protein is a useful marker for effective treatment of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: two case reports","volume":"112","author":"Ikeda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ikeda TNoto DNoguchi-Shinohara MCSF Tau protein is a useful marker for effective treatment of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: two case reports. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2010;112(1):62-64. doi:10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.08.020"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"388","article-title":"Dural closure for the treatment of superficial siderosis","volume":"18","author":"Egawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Egawa SYoshii TSakaki KDural closure for the treatment of superficial siderosis. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;18(4):388-393. doi:10.3171\/2013.1.SPINE12649"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"751","article-title":"Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system associated with intraspinal hemorrhage from ventral thoracic epidural veins and a ventral spinal CSF leak: case report","volume":"26","author":"Takai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takai KKomori TNiimura MTaniguchi M.Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system associated with intraspinal hemorrhage from ventral thoracic epidural veins and a ventral spinal CSF leak: case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017;26(6):751-753. doi:10.3171\/2016.11.SPINE16488"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"96","article-title":"Spinal endoscopy combined with selective CT myelography for dural closure of the spinal dural defect with superficial siderosis: technical note","volume":"28","author":"Arishima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arishima HHigashino YYamada SSpinal endoscopy combined with selective CT myelography for dural closure of the spinal dural defect with superficial siderosis: technical note. J Neurosurg Spine. 2018;28(1):96-102. doi:10.3171\/2017.5.SPINE17233"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/5\/article-CASE26471.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/5\/article-CASE26471.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/5\/article-CASE26471.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:01:35Z","timestamp":1785888095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/5\/article-CASE26471.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case26471","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}