{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:38:34Z","timestamp":1792543114212,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors propose a surgical strategy for the resection of lateral brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) and demonstrate how the surgical corridor should be tailored according to lesion location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three consecutive patients with lateral BSCMs underwent microsurgical resection through transpetrosal approaches. Two pontine lesions were approached through the lateral pontine zone using a posterior transpetrosal approach, whereas one upper lateral midbrain lesion required a combined transpetrosal approach to obtain a steeper upward operative trajectory through the lateral mesencephalic sulcus.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Gross-total resection was achieved in all patients without new permanent neurological deficits. The posterior transpetrosal approach provided adequate exposure for pontine lesions, whereas the combined transpetrosal approach offered a more favorable upward trajectory for the upper lateral midbrain lesion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lateral transpetrosal approaches provide effective surgical corridors for lateral BSCMs while minimizing transgression of eloquent brainstem pathways. Selection of the posterior or combined transpetrosal approach should be tailored according to the rostrocaudal location of the lesion and the required operative trajectory.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26717\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26717<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case26717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:01:05Z","timestamp":1791936065000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lateral transpetrosal approaches for brainstem cavernous malformations: tailoring the operative trajectory according to lesion location. Illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kazumi","family":"Ohmori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saso Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saso Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiduka","family":"Kamiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saso Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1-4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"35","article-title":"Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. A review of 139 cases","volume":"130","author":"Fritschi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fritschi JAReulen HJSpetzler RFZabramski JM.Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. A review of 139 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1994;130(1-4):35-46. doi:10.1007\/BF01405501"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E805","article-title":"Brainstem cavernous malformations","volume":"64","author":"Gross","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gross BABatjer HHAwad IABendok BR.Brainstem cavernous malformations. 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Neurosurgery. 2015;76(3):265-278. doi:10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000602"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"869","article-title":"Anterior transpetrosal-transtentorial approach for sphenopetroclival meningiomas: surgical method and results in 10 patients","volume":"28","author":"Kawase","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kawase TShiobara RToya S.Anterior transpetrosal-transtentorial approach for sphenopetroclival meningiomas: surgical method and results in 10 patients. 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Swiss Med Wkly. 2010;140:w13120. doi:10.4414\/smw.2010.13120"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"50","article-title":"Cavernous malformations of the brainstem: experience with 100 patients","volume":"90","author":"Porter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Porter RWDetwiler PWSpetzler RFCavernous malformations of the brainstem: experience with 100 patients. J Neurosurg. 1999;90(1):50-58. doi:10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0050"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"16","article-title":"Radiosurgery in cavernous malformations: anatomy of a controversy","volume":"113","author":"Steiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Steiner LKarlsson BYen CPTorner JCLindquist CSchlesinger D.Radiosurgery in cavernous malformations: anatomy of a controversy. J Neurosurg. 2010;113(1):16-22. doi:10.3171\/2009.11.JNS091733"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Long-term results after stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with cavernous malformations","volume":"50","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hasegawa TMcInerney JKondziolka DLee JYKFlickinger JCLunsford LD.Long-term results after stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with cavernous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2002;50(6):1190-1198. doi:10.1097\/00006123-200206000-00003"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"81","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for cavernous hemangiomas: an analysis of 125 patients","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu KDChung WYWu HMGamma Knife surgery for cavernous hemangiomas: an analysis of 125 patients. 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J Neurosurg. 2016;124(5):1359-1376. doi:10.3171\/2015.4.JNS141945"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"113","article-title":"Safety of brainstem safe entry zones: comparison of microsurgical outcomes associated with superficial, exophytic, and deep brainstem cavernous malformations","volume":"139","author":"Catapano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Catapano JSBenner DRhodenhiser EGSafety of brainstem safe entry zones: comparison of microsurgical outcomes associated with superficial, exophytic, and deep brainstem cavernous malformations. 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Thieme; 2009."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/16\/article-CASE26717.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/16\/article-CASE26717.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/16\/article-CASE26717.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:01:00Z","timestamp":1792540860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/12\/16\/article-CASE26717.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case26717","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]}}}