{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1791334246947,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n CNS fungal infections are rare, life-threatening conditions primarily affecting immunocompromised hosts. While they typically present as brain abscesses, intraventricular proliferation of fungal hyphae is exceedingly rare, and its neuroendoscopic findings have seldom been reported.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n \n A man in his 80s with a history of malignancies presented with a 1-month history of headache. Brain MRI showed contrast-enhancing lesions along the genu of corpus callosum and lateral ventricles, as well as a nonenhancing lesion protruding into the ventricles. Although these findings were atypical, an endoscopic biopsy was performed because the lesions showed a tendency to enlarge, raising suspicion of a malignant tumor. Neuroendoscopic examination revealed a black-pigmented intraventricular fungal mass, which was partially resected. Shotgun metagenomic analysis identified the pathogen as\n Cladophialophora bantiana<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n \n C. bantiana<\/jats:italic>\n exhibits marked neurotropism and is known to cause CNS fungal infections even in immunocompetent individuals. Although intraventricular extension of phaeohyphomycosis is extremely rare and preoperative differential diagnosis remains challenging, a nonenhancing lesion protruding into the ventricles was considered to reflect the presence of fungal hyphae in this case.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE26730<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case26730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:01:27Z","timestamp":1790726487000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraventricular black fungal hyphal masses caused by Cladophialophora bantiana: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hironori","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0825-4537","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Yonezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8813-5038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shingo","family":"Fujio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayuta","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Yamahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6837-7736","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takuma","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sakiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0989-6141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4170-4878","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Hanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-City, Kagoshima; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"206","article-title":"Primary central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis: a review of 101 cases","volume":"38","author":"Revankar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Revankar SGSutton DARinaldi MG.Primary central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis: a review of 101 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(2):206-216. doi:10.1086\/380635"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"303","article-title":"Clinical features and predictive factors of intraventricular rupture in patients who have bacterial brain abscesses","volume":"78","author":"Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee THChang WNSu TMClinical features and predictive factors of intraventricular rupture in patients who have bacterial brain abscesses. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78(3):303-309. doi:10.1136\/jnnp.2006.097808"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Fungi (Basel)","article-title":"CNS infections caused by brown-black fungi","volume":"5","author":"Velasco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Velasco JRevankar S.CNS infections caused by brown-black fungi. J Fungi (Basel). 2019;5(3):60. doi:10.3390\/jof5030060"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol","first-page":"895329","article-title":"Phaeohyphomycosis in China","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He YZheng HLMei HLv GXLiu WDLi XF.Phaeohyphomycosis in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:895329. doi:10.3389\/fcimb.2022.895329"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Med Mycol","first-page":"111","article-title":"Brain abscess due to Cladophialophora bantiana: a review of 124 cases","volume":"54","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakrabarti AKaur HRudramurthy SMBrain abscess due to Cladophialophora bantiana: a review of 124 cases. Med Mycol. 2016;54(2):111-119. doi:10.1093\/mmy\/myv091"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"104","article-title":"Primary intraventricular phaeohyphomycosis: an atypical presentation of neurotropic fungus","volume":"171","author":"Sahoo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sahoo SKKaur HSingh K.Primary intraventricular phaeohyphomycosis: an atypical presentation of neurotropic fungus. World Neurosurg. 2023;171:104-107. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.12.099"},{"issue":"13","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE23672","article-title":"Immunocompetent isolated cerebral mucormycosis presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus: illustrative case","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen KNFreeman LMUng THOjemann SGrassia F.Immunocompetent isolated cerebral mucormycosis presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus: illustrative case. 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