{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1779361643364,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Early venous drainage (EVD) is a critical diagnostic feature of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, other conditions can be associated with EVD and mimic AVMs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n This is a unique case of a 19-year-old female who presented with seizures secondary to a hemorrhagic intra-axial mass and subdural hematoma. MRI demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement and extensive perilesional FLAIR changes. Cerebral angiography was consistent with a left parietal vascular lesion, with EVD consistent with arteriovenous shunting and increased blood flow.<\/jats:p>\n Subsequently, the patient underwent urgent left-sided craniotomy with gross-total resection. Intraoperative findings confirmed a highly vascular tumor with numerous small tortuous vessels. Histopathological analysis revealed a grade 3 anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n EVD observed during catheter angiography usually indicates the presence of an AVM. However, EVD can also be seen with gliomas, often indicating a higher grade. Additionally, catheter angiography could prove useful as an indicator of tumor margins and therefore may be helpful when planning the overall extent of resection. Further oncological validation is needed.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2679<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T16:15:26Z","timestamp":1778516126000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early cerebral venous drainage associated with a brain tumor: a correlation of digital subtraction angiography and MRI. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Arwa","family":"Jader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4916-788X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy T.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-2746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik F.","family":"Hauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"476","article-title":"A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations","volume":"65","author":"Spetzler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Spetzler RFMartin NA.A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1986;65(4):476-483. doi:10.3171\/jns.1986.65.4.0476"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard CGobin YPPierot LCerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage. Radiology. 1995;194(3):671-680. doi:10.1148\/radiology.194.3.7862961"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib3","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2650","article-title":"Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement","volume":"44","author":"Zaidat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaidat OOYoo AJKhatri PRecommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement. Stroke. 2013;44(9):2650-2663. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001972"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"745","article-title":"Early venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke\u2014a predictor for final infarct volume?","volume":"54","author":"Dorn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dorn FKuntze-Soderqvist APopp SEarly venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke\u2014a predictor for final infarct volume? Neuroradiology. 2012;54(7):745-751. doi:10.1007\/s00234-011-0966-8"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE2445","article-title":"Early cerebral venous drainage associated with focal seizures: a correlation of digital subtraction angiography and electroencephalography. Illustrative case","volume":"7","author":"Holman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holman OBibawy JMWadi LMorgenlander JCHauck EF.Early cerebral venous drainage associated with focal seizures: a correlation of digital subtraction angiography and electroencephalography. Illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2024;7(18):CASE2445. doi:10.3171\/CASE2445"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"NMC Case Rep J","first-page":"39","article-title":"A case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with intracranial hemorrhage in a child","volume":"6","author":"Takamine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takamine YYamamuro SSumi KA case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with intracranial hemorrhage in a child. NMC Case Rep J. 2018;6(1):39-42. doi:10.2176\/nmccrj.cr.2018-0174"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib7","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"3800","article-title":"Clinical significance of early venous filling detected via preoperative angiography in glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Tatebayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tatebayashi KNakayama NSakamoto DClinical significance of early venous filling detected via preoperative angiography in glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(15):3800. doi:10.3390\/cancers15153800"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"410","article-title":"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with an intracystic hemorrhage: a case report and literature review","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee DKCho KTIm SHHong SK.Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with an intracystic hemorrhage: a case report and literature review. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2007;42(5):410-412. doi:10.3340\/jkns.2007.42.5.410"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"476","article-title":"A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations","volume":"65","author":"Spetzler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Spetzler RFMartin NA.A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1986;65(4):476-483. doi:10.3171\/jns.1986.65.4.0476"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard CGobin YPPierot LCerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage. Radiology. 1995;194(3):671-680. doi:10.1148\/radiology.194.3.7862961"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib3","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2650","article-title":"Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement","volume":"44","author":"Zaidat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaidat OOYoo AJKhatri PRecommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement. Stroke. 2013;44(9):2650-2663. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001972"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"745","article-title":"Early venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke\u2014a predictor for final infarct volume?","volume":"54","author":"Dorn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dorn FKuntze-Soderqvist APopp SEarly venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke\u2014a predictor for final infarct volume? Neuroradiology. 2012;54(7):745-751. doi:10.1007\/s00234-011-0966-8"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE2445","article-title":"Early cerebral venous drainage associated with focal seizures: a correlation of digital subtraction angiography and electroencephalography. Illustrative case","volume":"7","author":"Holman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holman OBibawy JMWadi LMorgenlander JCHauck EF.Early cerebral venous drainage associated with focal seizures: a correlation of digital subtraction angiography and electroencephalography. Illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2024;7(18):CASE2445. doi:10.3171\/CASE2445"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"NMC Case Rep J","first-page":"39","article-title":"A case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with intracranial hemorrhage in a child","volume":"6","author":"Takamine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takamine YYamamuro SSumi KA case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with intracranial hemorrhage in a child. NMC Case Rep J. 2018;6(1):39-42. doi:10.2176\/nmccrj.cr.2018-0174"},{"issue":"15","key":"bib7","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"3800","article-title":"Clinical significance of early venous filling detected via preoperative angiography in glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Tatebayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tatebayashi KNakayama NSakamoto DClinical significance of early venous filling detected via preoperative angiography in glioblastoma. 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J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2007;42(5):410-412. doi:10.3340\/jkns.2007.42.5.410"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/19\/article-CASE2679.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/19\/article-CASE2679.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/19\/article-CASE2679.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:39:42Z","timestamp":1779359982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/11\/19\/article-CASE2679.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case2679","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]}}}