{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:59:57Z","timestamp":1780736397040,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The microsurgical anatomy of the occipital artery (OA) was studied to describe the diameter, length, and course of this vessel as it pertains to revascularization procedures of the posterior cerebral circulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The authors studied 12 OAs in 6 cadaveric heads that had been injected with colored latex. They evaluated the OA's ability to serve as a conduit for extracranial\u2013intracranial (EC\u2013IC) bypass in the posterior circulation. They measured the length of the OA and its diameter at common sites of anastomosis and compared these values with the diameters of the recipient vessels (V\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      and V\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      segments of the vertebral artery, caudal loop of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery [PICA], and anterior inferior cerebellar artery [AICA]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean thickness of the suboccipital segment of the OA was found to be 1.9 mm. The mean distance of the OA from the external occipital protuberance was found to be 45 mm. The mean length of the suboccipital segment of the OA was 79.3 mm. The mean thickness of the largest trunk of the V\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      segment, the V\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      segment, the caudal loop of the PICA, and the AICA were 3.3 mm, 3.1 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1 mm, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The length, diameter, and flow accomodated by the OA make it an ideal choice as a conduit for posterior circulation bypass. The bypass from the OA to the caudal loop of the PICA demonstrates the least difference in vessel diameter, and is therefore best suited for EC\u2013IC bypass procedures in the posterior circulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/foc\/2008\/24\/2\/e9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]],"date-time":"2008-02-14T15:12:19Z","timestamp":1203001939000},"page":"E9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The occipital artery for posterior circulation bypass: microsurgical anatomy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"\u00d6zkan","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam S.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin; and"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin; and"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa K.","family":"Ba\u015fkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin; and"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b1-0240009","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"114","article-title":"The occipital artery: a micro-anatomical study","volume":"58","author":"Alvernia","year":"2006"},{"key":"b2-0240009","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"554","article-title":"Superficial temporal and occipital bypass pedicles to superior, anterior inferior, and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries for vertebrobasilar insufficiency","volume":"72","author":"Ausman","year":"1990"},{"key":"b3-0240009","series-title":"Minn Med","first-page":"223","article-title":"Stroke: what's new? Cerebral revascularization","volume":"59","author":"Ausman","year":"1976"},{"issue":"3","key":"b4-0240009","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Current neurosurgical indications for saphenous vein graft bypass","volume":"14","author":"Friedman","year":"2003"},{"key":"b5-0240009","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"132","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of cerebral revascularization. Part II: posterior circulation","volume":"102","author":"Kawashima","year":"2005"},{"key":"b6-0240009","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"225","article-title":"Occipital artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery anastomosis","volume":"5","author":"Khodadad","year":"1976"},{"key":"b7-0240009","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"756","article-title":"Distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: clinical features and management","volume":"97","author":"Lewis","year":"2002"},{"key":"b8-0240009","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"44","article-title":"Occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass for vertebrobasilar ischemia","volume":"10","author":"Roski","year":"1982"},{"key":"b9-0240009","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"321","article-title":"Cerebral revascularization for aneurysms and tumors","volume":"50","author":"Sekhar","year":"2002"},{"key":"b10-0240009","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"221","article-title":"Microneurosurgical arterial reconstruction","volume":"67","author":"Ya\u015fargil","year":"1970"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b1-0240009","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"114","article-title":"The occipital artery: a micro-anatomical study","volume":"58","author":"Alvernia","year":"2006"},{"key":"b2-0240009","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"554","article-title":"Superficial temporal and occipital bypass pedicles to superior, anterior inferior, and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries for vertebrobasilar insufficiency","volume":"72","author":"Ausman","year":"1990"},{"key":"b3-0240009","series-title":"Minn Med","first-page":"223","article-title":"Stroke: what's new? 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