{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T00:05:47Z","timestamp":1794269147449,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u2713 Historically, radiation therapy has been used extensively in the treatment of malignant and aggressive intracranial tumors, and the importance of its role has been repeatedly verified by prolonged patient survival rates and increased tumor control. As more modern capabilities are employed in surgery and radiotherapy, attention is being directed to the utility of radiation as either primary or secondary treatment of benign tumors. Specifically, primary treatment encompasses irradiation of small benign tumors without biopsy confirmation of tumor type; secondary treatment involves postoperative radiation therapy, with the possibility that less-aggressive tumor resection may be performed in areas that have a higher probability of resultant neurological deficit. Current literature suggests that this is not only a possible treatment strategy, but that it may be superior to more radical resection in some cases, for example, in vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas. This article provides an overview of factors to consider in the use of radiation therapy and reviews the relationships between radiation and surgery, notably the unique complementary role each plays in the treatment of benign intracranial tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/foc\/2008\/24\/5\/e2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,30]],"date-time":"2008-04-30T15:27:38Z","timestamp":1209569258000},"page":"E2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Surgery and radiotherapy: complementary tools in the management of benign intracranial tumors"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Walter D.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia N.","family":"Loredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry D.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0240002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1374","article-title":"Toward an expanded view of radiosurgery","volume":"55","author":"Adler","year":"2004"},{"key":"b2-0240002","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of acoustic schwannomas: comparative observations of 125 patients treated at one institution","volume":"50","author":"Andrews","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-0240002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery\u2014an organized neurosurgery-sanctioned definition","volume":"106","author":"Barnet","year":"2007"},{"key":"b4-0240002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"270","article-title":"Fractionated proton beam radiotherapy for acoustic neuroma","volume":"50","author":"Bush","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5-0240002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"60","article-title":"Stereotactic radiotherapy for vestibular schwannomas: favorable outcome with minimal toxicity","volume":"57","author":"Chan","year":"2005"},{"key":"b6-0240002","series-title":"Neurosurg","first-page":"1254","article-title":"Staged stereotactic irradiation for acoustic neuroma","volume":"56","author":"Chang","year":"2005"},{"key":"b7-0240002","series-title":"Textbook of Radiation Oncology","first-page":"31","article-title":"Radiobiologic principles","author":"Dewey","year":"2004"},{"key":"b8-0240002","series-title":"Br J Radiol","first-page":"479","article-title":"Stereotactic heavy-ion Bragg peak radiosurgery for intracranial vascular disorders: method for treatment of deep arteriovenous malformations","volume":"57","author":"Fabrikant","year":"1984"},{"key":"b9-0240002","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"801","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery of imaging-diagnosed intracranial meningioma","volume":"56","author":"Flickinger","year":"2003"},{"key":"b10-0240002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Results of acoustic neuroma radiosurgery: an analysis of 5 years' experience using current methods","volume":"94","author":"Flickinger","year":"2001"},{"key":"b11-0240002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"657","article-title":"Linear accelerator radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas","volume":"105","author":"Friedman","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12-0240002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"206","article-title":"Linear accelerator surgery for meningiomas","volume":"103","author":"Friedman","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13-0240002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"446","article-title":"Results of linear accelerator-based radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas","volume":"42","author":"Hakim","year":"1998"},{"key":"b14-0240002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"18","article-title":"Trigeminal schwannomas: results of gamma knife surgery in 37 cases","volume":"106","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2007"},{"key":"b15-0240002","series-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)","first-page":"517","article-title":"Fractionated conformal radiotherapy in vestibular schwannomas: early results from a single centre","volume":"19","author":"Horan","year":"2007"},{"key":"b16-0240002","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"461","article-title":"Seemingly complete removal of histologically benign intracranial meningioma: late recurrence rate and factors predicting recurrence in 657 patients. 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