{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:06:03Z","timestamp":1780131963031,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u2713Pituitary macroadenomas most frequently present with visual loss. Although transsphenoidal surgery remains the treatment of choice for patients with neurological manifestations, there have been several advances in its implementation over the last 5 years. Intraoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as a novel quality control measure, with the potential to guide the surgeon to tumor remnants concealed from the operating microscope. Investigators have reported enhanced resections when using intraoperative MR imaging, leading to complete tumor removal in a larger proportion of cases. Further debulking of unresectable lesions may also prove beneficial in delaying symptom recurrence and facilitating radiotherapy, where distance between the tumor and optic chiasm is an important predictor of visual outcome. However, confirmation of such advantages is complicated by the fact that most macroadenomas are both indolent and hormonally silent, necessitating years of follow-up. Experienced pituitary surgeons will operate as safely with intraoperative MR imaging as without it, perhaps due to a balance between more elaborate resections and better visualization. Intraoperative MR imaging represents a new technique applied to an old problem in tumor surgery: complete, safe resection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/foc-07\/11\/e12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,10]],"date-time":"2007-12-10T10:23:46Z","timestamp":1197282226000},"page":"E12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in pituitary macroadenoma surgery: an assessment of visual outcome"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jesse","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ruge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114705","article-title":"Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors are monoclonal in origin","volume":"86","author":"Alexander","year":"1990"},{"key":"b2-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging to determine the extent of resection of pituitary macroadenomas during transsphenoidal microsurgery","volume":"49","author":"Bohinski","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-0230013","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.6.1442376","article-title":"Epilepsy: the role of MR imaging","volume":"159","author":"Bronen","year":"1992"},{"key":"b4-0230013","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)80012-0","article-title":"Sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by the ACUSTAR I system","volume":"118","author":"Burkey","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.2.0204","article-title":"Surgical treatment of Cushing's disease","volume":"66","author":"Chandler","year":"1987"},{"key":"b6-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199702000-00001","article-title":"Complications of transsphenoidal surgery: results of a national survey, review of the literature, and personal experience","volume":"40","author":"Ciric","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198509000-00008","article-title":"Visual recovery after transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas","volume":"17","author":"Cohen","year":"1985"},{"key":"b8-0230013","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"341","article-title":"Distortion of the visual fields in cases of brain tumor. IV. Chiasmal lesions with special reference to bitemporal hemianopsia","volume":"37","author":"Cushing","year":"1915"},{"key":"b9-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.5.0713","article-title":"Long-term results in transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"64","author":"Ebersold","year":"1986"},{"key":"b10-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199908000-00015","article-title":"Frameless stereotaxy for transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"45","author":"Elias","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.3.0381","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging during transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"95","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"2001"},{"key":"b12-0230013","series-title":"Eur J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01970","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery in acromegaly investigated by intraoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"153","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13-0230013","series-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K","first-page":"212","article-title":"Recovery of vision following treatment of pituitary tumors: application of a new system of visual assessment","volume":"103","author":"Findlay","year":"1983"},{"key":"b14-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.4.0520","article-title":"Repeat transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease","volume":"71","author":"Friedman","year":"1989"},{"key":"b15-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198512000-00017","article-title":"Delayed chiasmal decompression after transsphenoidal operation for a pituitary adenoma","volume":"17","author":"Goldman","year":"1985"},{"key":"b16-0230013","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199907000-00004","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients","volume":"78","author":"Gsponer","year":"1999"},{"key":"b17-0230013","series-title":"Q J Med","first-page":"417","article-title":"The effects of transsphenoidal surgery on endocrine function and visual fields in patients with functionless pituitary tumors","volume":"71","author":"Harris","year":"1989"},{"key":"b18-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol","first-page":"280","article-title":"Pituitary tumor volume as a predictor of postoperative visual field recovery. Quantitative analysis using automated static perimetry and computed tomography morphometry","volume":"11","author":"Hudson","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Computer-assisted frameless stereotaxy in transsphenoidal surgery at a single institution: review of 176 cases","volume":"20","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2006"},{"key":"b20-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200208000-00025","article-title":"Pituitary surgery: transsphenoidal approach","volume":"51","author":"Jane","year":"2002"},{"key":"b21-0230013","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/98.1.13","article-title":"Compressive lesions of the optic nerves and chiasm. Pattern of recovery of vision following surgical treatment","volume":"98","author":"Kayan","year":"1975"},{"key":"b22-0230013","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00539-0","article-title":"Stages of improvement in visual fields after pituitary tumor resection","volume":"130","author":"Kerrison","year":"2000"},{"key":"b23-0230013","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010200064","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging after transsphenoidal surgery of clinically non-functional pituitary macroadenomas and its impact on detecting residual adenoma","volume":"144","author":"Kremer","year":"2002"},{"key":"b24-0230013","series-title":"Pituitary Disorders: Comprehensive Management","first-page":"165","year":"1999"},{"key":"b25-0230013","series-title":"Modern Neurosurgery","first-page":"181","article-title":"Complications of transsphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenomas","volume":"vol 1","author":"Laws","year":"1982"},{"key":"b26-0230013","series-title":"Pituitary Adenomas: From Basic Research to Diagnosis and Therapy","first-page":"3","article-title":"Recurrence after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: clinical and basic science aspects","author":"Laws","year":"1996"},{"key":"b27-0230013","series-title":"Management of Pituitary Adenomas and Related Lesions with Emphasis on Transsphenoidal Microsurgery","first-page":"277","article-title":"The results of transsphenoidal surgery in specific clinical entities","author":"Laws","year":"1982"},{"key":"b28-0230013","series-title":"Front Horm Res","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pituitary surgery: a modern approach","volume":"34","author":"Laws","year":"2006"},{"key":"b29-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.46.6.0717","article-title":"Transsphenoidal decompression of the optic nerve and chiasm. Visual results in 62 patients","volume":"46","author":"Laws","year":"1977"},{"key":"b30-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30198-0","article-title":"Radiosurgery for pituitary tumors and craniopharyngiomas","volume":"10","author":"Laws","year":"1999"},{"key":"b31-0230013","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000048381","article-title":"Brain surgery with image guidance: current recommendations based on a 20-year assessment","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2000"},{"key":"b32-0230013","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Visual recovery after treatment for pituitary adenoma","volume":"61","author":"Lennerstrand","year":"1983"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b33-0230013","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000056412","article-title":"Four years' experiences in the treatment of pituitary adenomas with gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"70","author":"Lim","year":"1998"},{"key":"b34-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198810000-00008","article-title":"Trends in the management of bacterial brain abscesses: a review of 102 cases over 17 years","volume":"23","author":"Mampalam","year":"1988"},{"key":"b35-0230013","series-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1991.tb00637.x","article-title":"Visual parameters in patients with pituitary adenoma before and after transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"19","author":"Marcus","year":"1991"},{"key":"b36-0230013","series-title":"Pituitary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009943700810","article-title":"Transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas in an intraoperative MRI unit","volume":"2","author":"Martin","year":"1999"},{"key":"b37-0230013","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2331031352","article-title":"Intraoperative high-field-strength MR imaging: implementation and experience in 200 patients","volume":"233","author":"Nimsky","year":"2004"},{"key":"b38-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000243289.98791.05","article-title":"Intra-operative high-field magnetic resonance imaging in transsphenoidal surgery of hormonally inactive pituitary macroadenomas","volume":"59","author":"Nimsky","year":"2006"},{"key":"b39-0230013","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200101)13:1<136::AID-JMRI1021>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Intra-operative MR guidance during transsphenoidal pituitary resection: preliminary results","volume":"13","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b40-0230013","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699550041485","article-title":"Visual outcome after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas","volume":"9","author":"Peter","year":"1995"},{"key":"b41-0230013","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699550041377","article-title":"Recovery of vision following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"1995"},{"key":"b42-0230013","series-title":"Management of Pituitary Tumors: the Clinician's Practical Guide","first-page":"95","author":"Powell","year":"2003"},{"key":"b43-0230013","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050341","article-title":"Postoperative follow-up of pituitary adenomas after transsphenoidal resection: MRI and clinical correlation","volume":"38","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"1996"},{"key":"b44-0230013","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"331","article-title":"Interactive image-guided pituitary surgery. An experience of 101 procedures","volume":"44","author":"Sandeman","year":"1998"},{"key":"b45-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol","first-page":"185","article-title":"Third nerve palsy: the presenting sign of a pituitary adenoma in five patients and the only neurological sign in four patients","volume":"5","author":"Saul","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b46-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS44","article-title":"Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"58","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006"},{"key":"b47-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.2.0175","article-title":"Complications in a contemporary series of patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease","volume":"91","author":"Semple","year":"1999"},{"key":"b48-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.0738","article-title":"Radiosurgery for Cushing's disease after failed transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"93","author":"Sheehan","year":"2000"},{"key":"b49-0230013","series-title":"Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuroophthalmology","first-page":"657","article-title":"Compressive optic neuropathies","author":"Shults","year":"1998"},{"key":"b50-0230013","series-title":"The Pituitary","first-page":"575","article-title":"Gonadotroph cell adenomas","author":"Snyder","year":"2002"},{"key":"b51-0230013","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.2.1410366","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas: findings of postoperative MR imaging","volume":"185","author":"Steiner","year":"1992"},{"key":"b52-0230013","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.9.780","article-title":"Recurrence of pituitary adenomas after transcranial operation","volume":"45","author":"Symon","year":"1982"},{"key":"b53-0230013","series-title":"Zentralbl Neurochir","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-836602","article-title":"The use of neuronavigation in transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","volume":"66","author":"Thomale","year":"2005"},{"key":"b54-0230013","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77788-8","article-title":"Visual status after transsphenoidal surgery at the Mayo Clinic, 1971\u20131982","volume":"96","author":"Trautmann","year":"1983"},{"key":"b55-0230013","series-title":"Brain Tumors: An Encyclopedic Approach","first-page":"217","article-title":"Clinical, imaging, and laboratory diagnosis of brain tumors","author":"Wen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b56-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.8.4188","article-title":"Surgical management of pituitary tumors","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"1997"},{"key":"b57-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.48.1.0013","article-title":"Transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of 250 pituitary adenomas","volume":"48","author":"Wilson","year":"1978"},{"key":"b58-0230013","series-title":"Secretory Tumors of the Pituitary Gland","first-page":"377","article-title":"Surgical results for pituitary adenomas: results of an international survey","author":"Zervas","year":"1984"},{"key":"b59-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-006-0031-y","article-title":"Clinical application of a neuro-navigation system in transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary macroadenoma","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2006"},{"key":"b1-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114705","article-title":"Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors are monoclonal in origin","volume":"86","author":"Alexander","year":"1990"},{"key":"b2-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging to determine the extent of resection of pituitary macroadenomas during transsphenoidal microsurgery","volume":"49","author":"Bohinski","year":"2001"},{"key":"b3-0230013","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.6.1442376","article-title":"Epilepsy: the role of MR imaging","volume":"159","author":"Bronen","year":"1992"},{"key":"b4-0230013","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)80012-0","article-title":"Sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by the ACUSTAR I system","volume":"118","author":"Burkey","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.2.0204","article-title":"Surgical treatment of Cushing's disease","volume":"66","author":"Chandler","year":"1987"},{"key":"b6-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199702000-00001","article-title":"Complications of transsphenoidal surgery: results of a national survey, review of the literature, and personal experience","volume":"40","author":"Ciric","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198509000-00008","article-title":"Visual recovery after transsphenoidal removal of pituitary adenomas","volume":"17","author":"Cohen","year":"1985"},{"key":"b8-0230013","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"341","article-title":"Distortion of the visual fields in cases of brain tumor. IV. Chiasmal lesions with special reference to bitemporal hemianopsia","volume":"37","author":"Cushing","year":"1915"},{"key":"b9-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.5.0713","article-title":"Long-term results in transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"64","author":"Ebersold","year":"1986"},{"key":"b10-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199908000-00015","article-title":"Frameless stereotaxy for transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"45","author":"Elias","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.3.0381","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging during transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"95","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"2001"},{"key":"b12-0230013","series-title":"Eur J Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01970","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery in acromegaly investigated by intraoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"153","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"2005"},{"key":"b13-0230013","series-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K","first-page":"212","article-title":"Recovery of vision following treatment of pituitary tumors: application of a new system of visual assessment","volume":"103","author":"Findlay","year":"1983"},{"key":"b14-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.4.0520","article-title":"Repeat transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease","volume":"71","author":"Friedman","year":"1989"},{"key":"b15-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198512000-00017","article-title":"Delayed chiasmal decompression after transsphenoidal operation for a pituitary adenoma","volume":"17","author":"Goldman","year":"1985"},{"key":"b16-0230013","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199907000-00004","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients","volume":"78","author":"Gsponer","year":"1999"},{"key":"b17-0230013","series-title":"Q J Med","first-page":"417","article-title":"The effects of transsphenoidal surgery on endocrine function and visual fields in patients with functionless pituitary tumors","volume":"71","author":"Harris","year":"1989"},{"key":"b18-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol","first-page":"280","article-title":"Pituitary tumor volume as a predictor of postoperative visual field recovery. Quantitative analysis using automated static perimetry and computed tomography morphometry","volume":"11","author":"Hudson","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Computer-assisted frameless stereotaxy in transsphenoidal surgery at a single institution: review of 176 cases","volume":"20","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2006"},{"key":"b20-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200208000-00025","article-title":"Pituitary surgery: transsphenoidal approach","volume":"51","author":"Jane","year":"2002"},{"key":"b21-0230013","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/98.1.13","article-title":"Compressive lesions of the optic nerves and chiasm. Pattern of recovery of vision following surgical treatment","volume":"98","author":"Kayan","year":"1975"},{"key":"b22-0230013","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00539-0","article-title":"Stages of improvement in visual fields after pituitary tumor resection","volume":"130","author":"Kerrison","year":"2000"},{"key":"b23-0230013","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010200064","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging after transsphenoidal surgery of clinically non-functional pituitary macroadenomas and its impact on detecting residual adenoma","volume":"144","author":"Kremer","year":"2002"},{"key":"b24-0230013","series-title":"Pituitary Disorders: Comprehensive Management","first-page":"165","year":"1999"},{"key":"b25-0230013","series-title":"Modern Neurosurgery","first-page":"181","article-title":"Complications of transsphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenomas","volume":"vol 1","author":"Laws","year":"1982"},{"key":"b26-0230013","series-title":"Pituitary Adenomas: From Basic Research to Diagnosis and Therapy","first-page":"3","article-title":"Recurrence after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: clinical and basic science aspects","author":"Laws","year":"1996"},{"key":"b27-0230013","series-title":"Management of Pituitary Adenomas and Related Lesions with Emphasis on Transsphenoidal Microsurgery","first-page":"277","article-title":"The results of transsphenoidal surgery in specific clinical entities","author":"Laws","year":"1982"},{"key":"b28-0230013","series-title":"Front Horm Res","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pituitary surgery: a modern approach","volume":"34","author":"Laws","year":"2006"},{"key":"b29-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.46.6.0717","article-title":"Transsphenoidal decompression of the optic nerve and chiasm. Visual results in 62 patients","volume":"46","author":"Laws","year":"1977"},{"key":"b30-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30198-0","article-title":"Radiosurgery for pituitary tumors and craniopharyngiomas","volume":"10","author":"Laws","year":"1999"},{"key":"b31-0230013","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000048381","article-title":"Brain surgery with image guidance: current recommendations based on a 20-year assessment","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2000"},{"key":"b32-0230013","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Visual recovery after treatment for pituitary adenoma","volume":"61","author":"Lennerstrand","year":"1983"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b33-0230013","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000056412","article-title":"Four years' experiences in the treatment of pituitary adenomas with gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"70","author":"Lim","year":"1998"},{"key":"b34-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198810000-00008","article-title":"Trends in the management of bacterial brain abscesses: a review of 102 cases over 17 years","volume":"23","author":"Mampalam","year":"1988"},{"key":"b35-0230013","series-title":"Aust N Z J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1991.tb00637.x","article-title":"Visual parameters in patients with pituitary adenoma before and after transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"19","author":"Marcus","year":"1991"},{"key":"b36-0230013","series-title":"Pituitary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009943700810","article-title":"Transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas in an intraoperative MRI unit","volume":"2","author":"Martin","year":"1999"},{"key":"b37-0230013","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2331031352","article-title":"Intraoperative high-field-strength MR imaging: implementation and experience in 200 patients","volume":"233","author":"Nimsky","year":"2004"},{"key":"b38-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000243289.98791.05","article-title":"Intra-operative high-field magnetic resonance imaging in transsphenoidal surgery of hormonally inactive pituitary macroadenomas","volume":"59","author":"Nimsky","year":"2006"},{"key":"b39-0230013","series-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200101)13:1<136::AID-JMRI1021>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Intra-operative MR guidance during transsphenoidal pituitary resection: preliminary results","volume":"13","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b40-0230013","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699550041485","article-title":"Visual outcome after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas","volume":"9","author":"Peter","year":"1995"},{"key":"b41-0230013","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699550041377","article-title":"Recovery of vision following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas","volume":"9","author":"Powell","year":"1995"},{"key":"b42-0230013","series-title":"Management of Pituitary Tumors: the Clinician's Practical Guide","first-page":"95","author":"Powell","year":"2003"},{"key":"b43-0230013","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050341","article-title":"Postoperative follow-up of pituitary adenomas after transsphenoidal resection: MRI and clinical correlation","volume":"38","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"1996"},{"key":"b44-0230013","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"331","article-title":"Interactive image-guided pituitary surgery. An experience of 101 procedures","volume":"44","author":"Sandeman","year":"1998"},{"key":"b45-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol","first-page":"185","article-title":"Third nerve palsy: the presenting sign of a pituitary adenoma in five patients and the only neurological sign in four patients","volume":"5","author":"Saul","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"b46-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS44","article-title":"Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"58","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006"},{"key":"b47-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.2.0175","article-title":"Complications in a contemporary series of patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease","volume":"91","author":"Semple","year":"1999"},{"key":"b48-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.0738","article-title":"Radiosurgery for Cushing's disease after failed transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"93","author":"Sheehan","year":"2000"},{"key":"b49-0230013","series-title":"Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuroophthalmology","first-page":"657","article-title":"Compressive optic neuropathies","author":"Shults","year":"1998"},{"key":"b50-0230013","series-title":"The Pituitary","first-page":"575","article-title":"Gonadotroph cell adenomas","author":"Snyder","year":"2002"},{"key":"b51-0230013","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.2.1410366","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas: findings of postoperative MR imaging","volume":"185","author":"Steiner","year":"1992"},{"key":"b52-0230013","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.9.780","article-title":"Recurrence of pituitary adenomas after transcranial operation","volume":"45","author":"Symon","year":"1982"},{"key":"b53-0230013","series-title":"Zentralbl Neurochir","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-836602","article-title":"The use of neuronavigation in transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","volume":"66","author":"Thomale","year":"2005"},{"key":"b54-0230013","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77788-8","article-title":"Visual status after transsphenoidal surgery at the Mayo Clinic, 1971\u20131982","volume":"96","author":"Trautmann","year":"1983"},{"key":"b55-0230013","series-title":"Brain Tumors: An Encyclopedic Approach","first-page":"217","article-title":"Clinical, imaging, and laboratory diagnosis of brain tumors","author":"Wen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b56-0230013","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.8.4188","article-title":"Surgical management of pituitary tumors","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"1997"},{"key":"b57-0230013","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.48.1.0013","article-title":"Transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of 250 pituitary adenomas","volume":"48","author":"Wilson","year":"1978"},{"key":"b58-0230013","series-title":"Secretory Tumors of the Pituitary Gland","first-page":"377","article-title":"Surgical results for pituitary adenomas: results of an international survey","author":"Zervas","year":"1984"},{"key":"b59-0230013","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-006-0031-y","article-title":"Clinical application of a neuro-navigation system in transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary macroadenoma","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/23\/5\/foc-07_11_e12.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/23\/5\/foc-07_11_e12.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/23\/5\/foc-07_11_e12.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:52:45Z","timestamp":1780131165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/23\/5\/foc-07_11_e12.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/foc-07\/11\/e12","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}