{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:25:51Z","timestamp":1792214751461,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["FOC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to elucidate the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve [CN] V), Meckel cave (MC), and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus (CS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten fresh cadaver heads (20 sides) and 2 middle fossa embalmed specimens were removed, decalcified, sectioned, stained, and studied microscopically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the MC, the posterior fossa meningeal dura extended into the middle fossa surrounding CN V. The average medial length of the MC was 16.7 mm and the lateral length was 13.5 mm. The dural roof of MC was thicker than its floor and was covered by a paw-shaped fibrous tissue extending from the tentorium to the ganglion (in 100% of specimens). Between the dural sleeve of the MC and venous space of the CS, a separate fibrous wall could be identified in 45% (9 of 20) extending between the tentorium and the floor of the CS. The mean length of CN V in the MC proximal to the posterior margin of the Gasserian ganglion was 11.8 mm. The mean length of CN V1 was 19.4 mm; V2, 12.3 mm; and V3, 7.4 mm distal to the anterior margin of the ganglion. The periosteal dura followed the bone of the middle fossa and was continuous with the extracranial periosteum.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The lateral dural wall of the CS consisted of a medial (membranous) and a lateral wall. The latter was separated into a thin outer layer and a thicker fibrous inner layer that became thinner as it extended posterolaterally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MC is an extension of the posterior fossa dura with intricate relationships with the surrounding dural layers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2008.25.12.e2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]],"date-time":"2008-11-26T11:56:31Z","timestamp":1227700591000},"page":"E2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Dural relationships of Meckel cave and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rashid M.","family":"Janjua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Kentucky; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ossama","family":"Al-Mefty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duane W.","family":"Densler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Kentucky; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Kentucky; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0250002","series-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the encephalic meninges in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Allen","year":"1977"},{"key":"b2-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"453","article-title":"Trigeminal schwannomas: removal of dumbbell shaped tumors through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of cranial nerve function","volume":"96","author":"Al-Mefty","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3-0250002","series-title":"Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat","first-page":"272","article-title":"[On the fine structure of the arachnoidea and dura mater of mammals.]","volume":"79","author":"Andres","year":"1967"},{"key":"b4-0250002","series-title":"Contrib Embryol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of the human embryo during the period of somite formation, including embryos with 2 to 16 pairs of somites","volume":"17","author":"Bartelmez","year":"1926"},{"key":"b5-0250002","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"315","article-title":"Some observations on the layers of the dura mater at the cranio-vertebral transition in the human newborn","volume":"154","author":"Beasley","year":"1966"},{"key":"b6-0250002","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"53","article-title":"Percutaneous balloon compression of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"8","author":"Brown","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7-0250002","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"269","article-title":"An anatomical study of the Gasserian ganglion, with particular reference to the nature and extent of Meckel's cave","volume":"29","author":"Burr","year":"1925"},{"key":"b8-0250002","series-title":"Core Text of Anatomy","author":"Carpenter","year":"1972"},{"key":"b9-0250002","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"200","article-title":"Interconnecting the posterior and middle cranial fossae for tumors that traverse MC","volume":"16","author":"Cheung","year":"1995"},{"key":"b10-0250002","series-title":"Am J Roentgenal Radium Ther Nucl Med","first-page":"139","article-title":"Os supra petrosum of Meckel","volume":"121","author":"Currarino","year":"1974"},{"key":"b11-0250002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Meningiomas of Meckel's cave","volume":"31","author":"Delfini","year":"1992"},{"key":"b12-0250002","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"55","article-title":"Frontotemporal epidural approach to trigeminal neurinomas","volume":"130","author":"Dolenc","year":"1994"},{"key":"b13-0250002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"542","article-title":"Transcranial epidural approach to pituitary tumors extending beyond the sella","volume":"41","author":"Dolenc","year":"1997"},{"key":"b14-0250002","series-title":"Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch","first-page":"391","article-title":"[On the structure of the semilunar ganglion (Gasseri) and the trigeminal nerve root in men.]","volume":"110","author":"Ferner","year":"1940"},{"key":"b15-0250002","series-title":"Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch","first-page":"108","article-title":"[On the anatomy of the intracranial segments of the trigeminal nerve.]","volume":"114","author":"Ferner","year":"1948"},{"key":"b16-0250002","series-title":"Handbuch der Neurochirurgie","first-page":"1","article-title":"Angewandte Anatomie des Gehirns und seiner H\u00fcllen","volume":"Vol 1","author":"Ferner","year":"1959"},{"key":"b17-0250002","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"458","article-title":"The morphology of the Gasserian Ganglion","volume":"48","author":"Frazier","year":"1925"},{"key":"b18-0250002","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"38","article-title":"The subdural space interpreted as a cellular layer of meninges","volume":"230","author":"Frederickson","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"212","article-title":"Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol injection in the management of trigeminal neuralgia: long-term follow-up results","volume":"73","author":"Fujimaki","year":"1990"},{"key":"b20-0250002","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"134","article-title":"The extradural approach to lesions involving the cavernous sinus","volume":"11","author":"Goel","year":"1997"},{"key":"b21-0250002","series-title":"Gray's Anatomy","author":"Gray","year":"1973"},{"key":"b22-0250002","series-title":"Biol Neonat","first-page":"59","article-title":"On the genesis of tentorium ruptures and intracranial haemorrhages. 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Syst\u00e8me Nerveaux","first-page":"721","author":"Paturet","year":"1964"},{"key":"b48-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"737","article-title":"Neurilemomas of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"70","author":"Pollack","year":"1989"},{"key":"b49-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"711","article-title":"Surgical treatment of trigeminal schwannomas","volume":"82","author":"Samii","year":"1995"},{"key":"b50-0250002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Colored silicone injection for use in neurosurgical dissections: anatomic technical note","volume":"45","author":"Sanan","year":"1999"},{"key":"b51-0250002","series-title":"Ann Anat","first-page":"115","article-title":"An anatomical study of the laterotrigeminal system","volume":"175","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"1993"},{"key":"b52-0250002","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"273","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"16","author":"Soeira","year":"1994"},{"key":"b53-0250002","series-title":"\u00dcber Lagebeziehungen des Ganglion trigeminale","author":"Strobel","year":"1980"},{"key":"b54-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"719","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and skull base approaches for the excision of trigeminal neurinomas","volume":"82","author":"Taha","year":"1995"},{"key":"b55-0250002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"712","article-title":"The so-called cavernous sinus: A review of the controversy and its implications for neurosurgeons","volume":"11","author":"Taptas","year":"1982"},{"key":"b56-0250002","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","first-page":"252","article-title":"Embryology of the walls of the lateral sellar compartment: apropos of continuous series of 39 embryos and fetuses representing the first six months of intra-uterine life","volume":"25","author":"Tobenas-Dujardin","year":"2003"},{"key":"b57-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"228","article-title":"The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus: with special reference to the nerve related to it","volume":"56","author":"Umansky","year":"1982"},{"key":"b58-0250002","series-title":"Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System","article-title":"The meninges, with special reference to the cell coverings of the leptomeninges","author":"Weed","year":"1932"},{"key":"b59-0250002","series-title":"Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch","first-page":"459","article-title":"Die Architectur des Sinus sagittalis cranialis und der einm\u00fcndenden Venen als statische Konstruktion","volume":"116","author":"Wimmer","year":"1952"},{"key":"b60-0250002","series-title":"Am J Anat","first-page":"95","article-title":"The meningeal relations of the hypophysis cerebri. 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Microsurgical anatomy","volume":"55","author":"Yasuda","year":"2004"},{"key":"b62-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"202","article-title":"Trigeminal neurinomas extending into multiple fossae: surgical methods and review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Yoshida","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"b63-0250002","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"270","article-title":"The subtemporal interdural approach to dumbbell shaped trigeminal schwannomas: a cadaveric prosection","volume":"59","author":"Youssef","year":"2006"},{"key":"b64-0250002","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"201","article-title":"The petrolingual ligament: the anatomy and surgical exposure of the posterolateral landmark of the cavernous sinus","volume":"140","author":"Ziyal","year":"1998"},{"key":"b1-0250002","series-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the encephalic meninges in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Allen","year":"1977"},{"key":"b2-0250002","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"453","article-title":"Trigeminal schwannomas: removal of dumbbell shaped tumors through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of cranial nerve function","volume":"96","author":"Al-Mefty","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3-0250002","series-title":"Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat","first-page":"272","article-title":"[On the fine structure of the arachnoidea and dura mater of mammals.]","volume":"79","author":"Andres","year":"1967"},{"key":"b4-0250002","series-title":"Contrib Embryol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development of the human embryo during the period of somite formation, including embryos with 2 to 16 pairs of somites","volume":"17","author":"Bartelmez","year":"1926"},{"key":"b5-0250002","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"315","article-title":"Some observations on the layers of the dura mater at the cranio-vertebral transition in the human 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