{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:10:44Z","timestamp":1792059044331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> The purpose of this study was to measure the dose of radiation delivered to the cochlea during a Gamma knife surgery (GKS) procedure for treatment of patients with vestibular schwannomas (VSs), and to analyze the relationship between cochlear irradiation and the hearing outcome of these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Eighty-two patients with VSs were treated with GKS using a marginal dose of 12 Gy. No patient had neurofibromatosis Type 2 disease, and all had a Gardner\u2013Robertson hearing class of I to IV before treatment, and a radiological and audiological follow-up of at least 1-year after GKS. The dosimetric data of the volume of the cochlea were retrospectively analyzed and were correlated with the auditory outcome of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean radiation dose delivered to the cochlear volume ranged from 1.30 to 10.00 Gy (median 4.15 Gy). The cochlea received significantly higher radiation doses in patients with worsening of hearing after GKS. A highly significant association between the cochlear and the intracanalicular dose of radiation delivered during GKS was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During GKS for VSs, relatively high doses of radiation can be delivered to the cochlea. Worsening of hearing after GKS can be the consequence of either radiation injury to the cochlea or the irradiation dose delivered into the auditory canal, or both.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns-07\/10\/0733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,13]],"date-time":"2007-12-13T15:49:17Z","timestamp":1197560957000},"page":"733-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Irradiation of cochlear structures during vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery and associated hearing outcome"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Massager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Center and Departments of"},{"name":"Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ouzi","family":"Nissim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Center and Departments of"},{"name":"Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Delbrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ear, Nose and Throat and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Delpierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erasme, Brussels; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Devriendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Center and Departments of"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Laboratory of Physics, Jules Bordet Institute, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Desmedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Center and Departments of"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy and Laboratory of Physics, Jules Bordet Institute, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wikler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Brotchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Levivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Center and Departments of"},{"name":"Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1070733","series-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg","first-page":"197","article-title":"Preservation of hearing in vestibular schwannomas treated by radiosurgery using Leksell Gamma Knife: preliminary report of a prospective Belgian clinical study","volume":"57","author":"Delbrouck","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2-1070733","series-title":"Zentralblatt Physiol","first-page":"297","article-title":"Die wirkung des radiums und das labyrinth","volume":"19","author":"Ewald","year":"1905"},{"key":"b3-1070733","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"350","article-title":"[Preserving hearing function after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for unilateral vestibular schwannoma.]","volume":"50","author":"Gabert","year":"2004"},{"key":"b4-1070733","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948809700110","article-title":"Hearing preservation in unilateral acoustic neuroma surgery","volume":"97","author":"Gardner","year":"1988"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5-1070733","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Use of the Leksell gamma knife C with automatic positioning system for the treatment of meningioma and vestibular schwannoma","volume":"14","author":"Levivier","year":"2003"},{"key":"b6-1070733","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00413-9","article-title":"Radiation tolerance of normal temporal bone structures: implications for gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"57","author":"Linksey","year":"2003"},{"key":"b7-1070733","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.4.0800","article-title":"Radiation exposure of normal temporal bone structures during stereotactically guided gamma knife surgery for vestibular schwannomas","volume":"98","author":"Linksey","year":"2003"},{"key":"b8-1070733","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.10.030","article-title":"Role of intracanalicular volumetric and dosimetric parameters on hearing preservation after vestibular schwannoma radiosurgery","volume":"64","author":"Massager","year":"2006"},{"key":"b9-1070733","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21190","article-title":"Hearing preservation after Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"104","author":"Paek","year":"2005"},{"key":"b10-1070733","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"289","article-title":"[Dosimetric planning for radiosurgical treatment of vestibular schwannomas.]","volume":"50","author":"R\u00e9gis","year":"2004"},{"key":"b11-1070733","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.1.157","article-title":"Assessment of imaging studies used with radiosurgery: a volumetric algorithm and an estimation of its error. 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