{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:12:13Z","timestamp":1789456333594,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings in animal models of noncommunicating hydrocephalus have suggested that a reduction in compliance of the superior sagittal sinus, an elevation in venous outflow pressure, and the development of venous collateral flow may be associated with this condition. Although elevated venous pressure is known to cause hydrocephalus in children, this mechanism has fallen out of favor as a theory in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty-one patients with late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) underwent magnetic resonance imaging with flow quantification measuring the degree of ventricular enlargement, sulcal compression, total blood inflow, superior sagittal\/straight sinus outflow, aqueduct flow, arteriovenous delay (AVD), and the extent of collateral venous flow. Data obtained in these patients were compared with those obtained in 21 age-matched control individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was a reduction in compliance in the patients with LIAS in whom the AVD decreased by 50% (p = 0.01). The arterial inflow and the straight sinus outflow were normal, but the sagittal sinus outflow was reduced by 23% (p = 0.001). This indicated that significant collateral venous outflow pathways were draining blood away from the superficial but not the deep drainage system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Similar to the animal models, patients with LIAS exhibit a reduced venous compliance and an elevation in venous collateral flow. Together, these findings suggest that an elevation in venous pressure may be associated with this disease process. A review of the literature has indicated that only subtle differences may exist in the pathophysiology among patients with LIAS, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns-07\/11\/0951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,13]],"date-time":"2007-12-13T18:48:13Z","timestamp":1197571693000},"page":"951-958","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of compliance and collateral flow in late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis: venous pathophysiology revisited"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Grant A.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1070951","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050739","article-title":"Consequences of the anatomy of the deep venous outflow from the brain","volume":"41","author":"Andeweg","year":"1999"},{"key":"b2-1070951","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"333","article-title":"Non-neoplastic stenosis of the aqueduct presenting in adolescence and adult life","volume":"7","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"1977"},{"key":"b3-1070951","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.06.005","article-title":"Association between arterial inflow and venous outflow in idiopathic and secondary intracranial hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Bateman","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-005-0405-6","article-title":"Extending the hydrodynamic hypothesis in chronic hydrocephalus","volume":"28","author":"Bateman","year":"2005"},{"key":"b5-1070951","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-002-0901-0","article-title":"The reversibility of reduced cortical vein compliance in normal-pressure hydrocephalus following shunt insertion","volume":"45","author":"Bateman","year":"2003"},{"key":"b6-1070951","series-title":"Med Hypothes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.04.019","article-title":"The role of altered impedance in the pathophysiology of normal pressure hydrocephalus, Alzheimer's disease and syringomyelia","volume":"63","author":"Bateman","year":"2004"},{"key":"b7-1070951","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1574","article-title":"Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"21","author":"Bateman","year":"2000"},{"key":"b8-1070951","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1418-0","article-title":"The pathophysiology of the aqueduct stroke volume in normal pressure hydrocephalus: can comorbidity with other forms of dementia be excluded?","volume":"47","author":"Bateman","year":"2005"},{"key":"b9-1070951","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"623","article-title":"[Cerebral venous pressure, sinus pressure and intracranial pressure.]","volume":"20","author":"Benadid","year":"1974"},{"key":"b10-1070951","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","first-page":"266","article-title":"The relationship of pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid flow to cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure: a new theoretical model","volume":"71","author":"Bergsneider","year":"1998"},{"key":"b11-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199108000-00011","article-title":"Elevated cortical venous pressure in hydrocephalus","volume":"29","author":"Castro","year":"1991"},{"key":"b12-1070951","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.3.0482","article-title":"Age dependence of cerebrospinal pressure-volume compensation in patients with hydrocephalus","volume":"94","author":"Czosnyka","year":"2001"},{"key":"b13-1070951","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1971.tb07498.x","article-title":"The time-course of intracranial hypertension as recorded in conscious rabbits after treatment with different amounts of intracisternally injected kaolin","volume":"47","author":"Edvinsson","year":"1971"},{"key":"b14-1070951","series-title":"Brain Pathol","first-page":"325","article-title":"Chronic hydrocephalus in adults","volume":"14","author":"Edwards","year":"2004"},{"key":"b15-1070951","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.4.345","article-title":"CSF hydrodynamic studies in man. 2. Normal hydrodynamic variables related to CSF pressure and flow","volume":"41","author":"Ekstedt","year":"1978"},{"key":"b16-1070951","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00359-7","article-title":"Clinical features of late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis","volume":"55","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2001"},{"key":"b17-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000126938.12817.DC","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"55","author":"Gangemi","year":"2004"},{"key":"b18-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"145","article-title":"Radiological assessment of hydrocephalus: new theories and implications for therapy","volume":"27","author":"Greitz","year":"2004"},{"key":"b19-1070951","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.021006","article-title":"MR venography in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: unappreciated and misunderstood","volume":"75","author":"Higgins","year":"2004"},{"key":"b20-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199904000-00062","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: outcome analysis of 100 consecutive procedures","volume":"44","author":"Hopf","year":"1999"},{"key":"b21-1070951","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(81)90131-2","article-title":"Benign intracranial hypertension and disorders of CSF absorption","volume":"15","author":"Janny","year":"1981"},{"key":"b22-1070951","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.1.198","article-title":"Elevated intracranial venous pressure as a universal mechanism in pseudotumor cerebri of varying etiologies","volume":"46","author":"Kalahalios","year":"1996"},{"key":"b23-1070951","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.71.3.490","article-title":"Effect of reduced aortic compliance on cardiac efficiency and contractile function of in situ canine left ventricle","volume":"71","author":"Kelly","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24-1070951","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.1.26","article-title":"Manometry combined with cervical puncture in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"58","author":"King","year":"2002"},{"key":"b25-1070951","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1053447","article-title":"Endoscopic fenestration of the 3rd ventricular floor in aqueductal stenosis","volume":"37","author":"Kunz","year":"1994"},{"key":"b26-1070951","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830128","article-title":"Failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"47","author":"Longatti","year":"2004"},{"key":"b27-1070951","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.40.5.0603","article-title":"Pressure in the sagittal sinus during intracranial hypertension in man","volume":"40","author":"Martins","year":"1974"},{"key":"b28-1070951","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-32318-X_62","article-title":"Non-invasive measurement of intracranial compliance using cine MRI in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"95","author":"Mase","year":"2005"},{"key":"b29-1070951","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.6.521","article-title":"Aqueduct stenosis. Case review and discussion","volume":"40","author":"McMillan","year":"1977"},{"key":"b30-1070951","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.6.0812","article-title":"Communicating hydrocephalus as a cause of aqueductal stenosis","volume":"51","author":"Nugent","year":"1979"},{"key":"b31-1070951","series-title":"Hypertension","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000168052.00426.65","article-title":"Relationship between aortic stiffening and microvascular disease in brain and kidney: cause and logic of therapy","volume":"46","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2005"},{"key":"b32-1070951","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.6.0933","article-title":"Pathophysiology of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults","volume":"92","author":"Oi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b33-1070951","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000120388","article-title":"Relationship between intracranial and sagittal sinus pressure in normal and hydrocephalic dogs","volume":"14","author":"Olivero","year":"1988"},{"key":"b34-1070951","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.6.1069","article-title":"Pressure gradients in the brain in an experimental model of hydrocephalus","volume":"102","author":"Penn","year":"2005"},{"key":"b35-1070951","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313582","article-title":"The relationship of intracranial venous pressure to hydrocephalus","volume":"10","author":"Portnoy","year":"1994"},{"key":"b36-1070951","series-title":"Microsc Res Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010101)52:1<31::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Ageing choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"52","author":"Preston","year":"2001"},{"key":"b37-1070951","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699008992707","article-title":"Aqueduct stenosis\u2014presentation and prognosis","volume":"4","author":"Robertson","year":"1990"},{"key":"b38-1070951","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030516","article-title":"Hydrocephalus caused by increased intracranial venous pressure: a clinicopathological study","volume":"3","author":"Rosman","year":"1978"},{"key":"b39-1070951","series-title":"Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice","first-page":"138","article-title":"Dynamics of the peripheral circulation. Determinants of the venous pressure","author":"Ross","year":"1990"},{"key":"b40-1070951","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.4.0727","article-title":"Intracranial venous sinus hypertension: cause or consequence of hydrocephalus in infants?","volume":"60","author":"Sainte-Rose","year":"1984"},{"key":"b41-1070951","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1965.23.2.0169","article-title":"Sagittal sinus venous pressure in hydrocephalus","volume":"23","author":"Shulman","year":"1965"},{"key":"b42-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200204000-00016","article-title":"There is no transmantle pressure gradient in either communicating or noncommunicating hydrocephalus","volume":"50","author":"Stephensen","year":"2002"},{"key":"b43-1070951","series-title":"J Hum Hypertens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001838","article-title":"Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: an index of central arterial stiffness?","volume":"19","author":"Sugawara","year":"2005"},{"key":"b44-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.104","article-title":"How effective is endoscopic third ventriculostomy in treating adult hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis?","volume":"46","author":"Tisell","year":"2000"},{"key":"b45-1070951","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"70","article-title":"Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis","volume":"50","author":"Tisell","year":"2002"},{"key":"b46-1070951","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1351-5101.2003.00698.x","article-title":"Differences in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics do not affect the levels of biochemical markers in ventricular CSF from patients with aqueductal stenosis and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"11","author":"Tisell","year":"2004"},{"key":"b47-1070951","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Diffusion imaging in obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"24","author":"Ulug","year":"2003"},{"key":"b48-1070951","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"200","article-title":"Postoperative evaluation of third ventriculostomy patients using 111in-DTPA","volume":"6","author":"Vries","year":"1980"},{"key":"b49-1070951","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/96.2.399","article-title":"Is aqueduct stenosis the result of hydrocephalus?","volume":"96","author":"Williams","year":"1973"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/107\/5\/article-p951.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/107\/5\/article-p951.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/107\/5\/article-p951.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T01:14:27Z","timestamp":1681348467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/107\/5\/article-p951.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns-07\/11\/0951","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}}}