{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T15:58:05Z","timestamp":1761580685277},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Two alpha adrenergic blocking agents have been used to alleviate spasm induced in the basilar artery of the cat by the application of blood or by mechanical manipulation. Parenteral phenoxybenzamine is effective in preventing spasm from blood when given in doses of 6 mg\/kg or more provided at least 1\u00bd hours have elapsed between the completion of the infusion and the application of the blood; it also relieves and prevents spasm from blood when applied topically. Phenoxybenzamine does not prevent or alleviate spasm induced by mechanical manipulation of the basilar artery. Phentolamine alleviates both types of spasm, but its effect lasts no more than 15 minutes. The possible modes of action of these drugs are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.37.3.0294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T14:43:13Z","timestamp":1241707393000},"page":"294-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Alteration of experimental cerebral vasospasm by adrenergic blockade"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Eugene S.","family":"Flamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Gazi","family":"Yasargil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ransohoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1965.22.1.0021","article-title":"Ruptured intracranial aneurysms: the role of arterial spasm.","volume":"22","author":"Allcock","year":"1965"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.6.0617","article-title":"Experimental and clinical study of the development of spasm of the cerebral arteries related to subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"32","author":"Arutinov","year":"1970"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.28.1.0001","article-title":"The biphasic response of cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"28","author":"Brawley","year":"1968"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Brit Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5745.382","article-title":"Intracarotid phenoxybenzamine for cerebral arterial spasm.","volume":"1","author":"Cummins","year":"1971"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1965.23.1.0001","article-title":"Spasm of basilar and vertebral arteries caused by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"23","author":"Echlin","year":"1965"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1942.02290010087007","article-title":"Vasospasm and focal cerebral ischemia: an experimental study.","volume":"47","author":"Echlin","year":"1942"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1951.8.6.0660","article-title":"Arteriographic demonstration of spasm of the intracranial arteries with special reference to saccular arterial aneurysms.","volume":"8","author":"Ecker","year":"1951"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Acta Physiol Scand","first-page":"1","article-title":"Observations on the possibilities of the cellular localization of monoamines by a fluorescence method.","volume":"56","author":"Falck","year":"1962"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Scand J Lab Clin Invest Suppl","first-page":"VI","article-title":"Adrenergic innervation of the pial circulation.","volume":"102","author":"Falck","year":"1968"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1959.03840010040005","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm in angiography for intracranial aneurysms.","volume":"1","author":"Fletcher","year":"1959"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1928.02210110003001","article-title":"The cerebral circulation. I. Observation and measurement of pial vessels.","volume":"19","author":"Forbes","year":"1928"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiat (Chicago)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1928.02210120090008","article-title":"Cerebral circulation. III. The vasomotor control of cerebral vessels.","volume":"19","author":"Forbes","year":"1928"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.1.5.356","article-title":"Noradrenergic mediation of experimental cerebrovascular spasm.","volume":"1","author":"Fraser","year":"1970"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiat (Chicago)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1929.02220020191011","article-title":"The nerve supply of the cerebral blood vessels: a histologic study.","volume":"22","author":"Hassin","year":"1929"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.26.5.635","article-title":"Dual adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the cerebral arteries of the rat: an ultrastructural study.","volume":"26","author":"Iwayama","year":"1970"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"331","article-title":"Cerebral arterial spasm. Parts 1\u20133.","volume":"29","author":"Kapp","year":"1968"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Surg Forum","first-page":"411","article-title":"Cerebrovascular spasmolytic potential of choline chloride.","volume":"17","author":"Kapp","year":"1966"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Neurology (Minneap)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.18.11.1056","article-title":"Prolonged cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"18","author":"Landau","year":"1968"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1960.17.1.0090","article-title":"Local spasm in cerebral arteries.","volume":"17","author":"Lende","year":"1960"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Chronic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage: treatment with phenoxybenzamine.","author":"Lieberman"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.2.2.193","article-title":"Demonstration of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in canine cerebral vasculature.","volume":"2","author":"Lowe","year":"1971"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Pharmacology (Basel)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000136074","article-title":"The effect of various choline-related agents on vascular spasm induced in the basilar artery of the cat.","volume":"3","author":"Mahaley","year":"1970"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Surg Forum","first-page":"415","article-title":"Evaluation of topical methysergide on experimental cerebral vasospasm.","volume":"19","author":"Moncv","year":"1968"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/93.3.475","article-title":"Innervation of intracranial arteries.","volume":"93","author":"Nelson","year":"1970"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.","first-page":"549","article-title":"Drugs inhibiting adrenergic nerves and structures innervated by them","author":"Nickerson","year":"1970"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(67)90134-5","article-title":"Adrenergic innervation of pial arteries related to the circle of Willis in the cat.","volume":"6","author":"Neilsen","year":"1967"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1971.35.2.0148","article-title":"Adrenergic innervation of the cerebral blood vessels in the rabbit.","volume":"35","author":"Peerless","year":"1971"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1932.02230130036003","article-title":"Intracerebral vascular nerves.","volume":"27","author":"Penfield","year":"1932"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1966.25.1.0098","article-title":"Report on the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Section IV. Cerebral angiography. An analysis of the diagnostic value and complications of carotid and vertebral angiography in 5,484 patients.","volume":"25","author":"Perret","year":"1966"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1963.20.2.0094","article-title":"Prevention of serotonin-produced cerebral vasospasm: an evaluation of blocking agents.","volume":"20","author":"Raynor","year":"1963"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480150086011","article-title":"Cerebral arteriolar spasm inhibited by \u03b2-adrenergic blocking agents.","volume":"21","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1969"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.29.4.0357","article-title":"Prolonged experimental cerebral vasospasm.","volume":"29","author":"Simeone","year":"1968"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1964.21.9.0769","article-title":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage: factors in prognosis and management.","volume":"21","author":"Stornelli","year":"1964"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Clin Sci","first-page":"265","article-title":"The circulatory effects of phentolamine in man with particular respect to changes in forearm blood flow.","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"1965"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.33.4.0395","article-title":"Vasospasm in response to repeated subarachnoid hemorrhages in the monkey.","volume":"33","author":"Weir","year":"1970"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.29.2.0121","article-title":"Intracranial arterial spasm: a clinical analysis.","volume":"29","author":"Wilkins","year":"1968"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.33.3.0260","article-title":"Intracranial arterial spasm in the dog: a chronic experimental model.","volume":"33","author":"Wilkins","year":"1970"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1971.35.1.0045","article-title":"Potassium and the pathogenesis of cerebral arterial spasm in the dog and man.","volume":"35","author":"Wilkins","year":"1971"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Microsurgery Applied to Neurosurgery.","author":"Yasargil","year":"1969"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/37\/3\/article-p294.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/37\/3\/article-p294.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/37\/3\/article-p294.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T03:23:08Z","timestamp":1668309788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/37\/3\/article-p294.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1972.37.3.0294","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,9]]}}}