{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T02:09:40Z","timestamp":1769047780012,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The combined effect upon cerebral blood flow (CBF) of an elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and changes in respiratory CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was studied in nine baboons under chloralose anesthesia. The animals were mildly hyperventilated and provided with increasing amounts of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-air. Arterial CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tensions (PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) increased from 17 to 58 mm Hg. Internal carotid blood flow (ICBF) was measured at normal CSFP and at hydrostatically maintained 50 mm Hg CSFP. It was found that: 1) end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may be used as a substitute for arterial PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> determinations; 2) this elevation of CSFP has little effect on ICBF during hypercapnia and normocapnia; however, 3) during hypocapnia the ICBF is reduced an additional 20% when CSFP is elevated; that is, ICBF is reduced 50% from normal when end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is reduced to 2% at this elevated level of CSFP.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Caution should be exercised during hyperventilation therapy particularly if the elevated CSFP or intracranial pressure (ICP) is not reduced to approach normal levels; in these conditions, the combination of decreasing PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and elevated ICP may reduce CBF below critical levels and thus lead to cerebral hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.44.3.0347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:12:32Z","timestamp":1241709152000},"page":"347-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of hyperventilation, CO2, and CSF pressure on internal carotid blood flow in the baboon"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"F. Hermann","family":"Rudenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. Patrick","family":"McGraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George T.","family":"Tindall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Physiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.3.595","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow: its measurement and regulation.","volume":"52","author":"Betz","year":"1972"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"275","article-title":"Raised intracranial pressure: hydrocephalic and vascular factors.","volume":"27","author":"Cairns","year":"1939"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Acta Physiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04725.x","article-title":"Effects of varied cerebrospinal fluid pressure on cerebral blood flow in dogs.","volume":"79","author":"H\u00e4ggendal","year":"1970"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1962.19.1.0065","article-title":"The achievement of optimal brain relaxation by hyperventilation technics of anesthesia.","volume":"19","author":"Hayes","year":"1962"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Surg Forum","first-page":"421","article-title":"Effects of altering arterial carbon dioxide pressure on internal carotid blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in man.","volume":"20","author":"Hayes","year":"1969"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.25.1.77","article-title":"Observations on the extrinsic neural control of cerebral blood flow in the baboon.","volume":"25","author":"James","year":"1969"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101680","article-title":"The effects of active and passive hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and blood pressure of normal young men.","volume":"25","author":"Kety","year":"1946"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101995","article-title":"The effects of altered arterial tensions of carbon dioxide and oxygen on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption of normal young men.","volume":"27","author":"Kety","year":"1948"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Intracranial Pressure.","first-page":"210","article-title":"Arterial pCO2 effect at various levels of intracranial pressure","author":"Kindt","year":"1972"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Cerebral Blood Flow: Clinical and Experimental Results.","first-page":"244","article-title":"Effect of hyper- and hypoventilation on CBF during anesthesia","author":"Kreuscher","year":"1969"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Physiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1959.39.2.183","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man.","volume":"39","author":"Lassen","year":"1959"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand (Suppl)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reduction of increased intracranial pressure by hyperventilation.","volume":"139","author":"Lundberg","year":"1959"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Prog Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60102-8","article-title":"Concepts of cerebral perfusion pressure and vascular compression during intracranial hypertension.","volume":"35","author":"Miller","year":"1972"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.3.5.566","article-title":"Hyperventilation and cerebral blood flow.","volume":"3","author":"Raichle","year":"1972"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1964.206.1.25","article-title":"Arterial pCO2 and cerebral hemodynamics.","volume":"206","author":"Reivich","year":"1964"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Fed Proc","first-page":"456","article-title":"Effects of altering inspired CO2 and CSF pressure on internal carotid blood flow.","volume":"33","author":"Rudenberg","year":"1974"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1965.00470020020003","article-title":"Human cerebrovascular response time to elevation of arterial carbon dioxide tension.","volume":"13","author":"Shapiro","year":"1965"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196505000-00009","article-title":"Cerebral circulation during general anesthesia and hyperventilation in man. Thiopental induction to nitrous oxide and d-tubocurarine.","volume":"26","author":"Wollman","year":"1965"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196403000-00012","article-title":"Cerebral circulation of man during halothane anesthesia.","volume":"25","author":"Wollman","year":"1964"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/44\/3\/article-p347.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/44\/3\/article-p347.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/44\/3\/article-p347.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T07:43:16Z","timestamp":1658734996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/44\/3\/article-p347.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1976.44.3.0347","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,3]]}}}