{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:24:16Z","timestamp":1791649456393,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The microvascular anatomy of the posterior part of the circle of Willis, important in surgery of pituitary tumors and basilar aneurysms, was defined in 50 cadaver brains. Significant findings were as follows: 1) Anomalies of the posterior half of the circle of Willis were found in 46% of cases. 2) Hypoplastic P-1 (posterior cerebral segment) and posterior communicating segments gave origin to the same number and size of perforating arteries, having the same termination as normal-sized segments. Thus hypoplastic segments should be handled with care and divided to aid in exposure of the basilar bifurcation only after careful consideration. 3) An average of four perforating branches arose from P-1; most from the superior and posterior surfaces. No branches arose from the anterior surface of the basilar bifurcation. The most proximal P-1 branch originated 2 to 3 mm distal to the basilar bifurcation. It was most commonly a thalamoperforating artery. The largest P-1 branch was usually a thalamoperforating or a posterior choroidal artery. 4) An average of seven branches emerged from the superior and lateral surfaces of the posterior communicating artery. The anterior half was a richer source of perforators than the posterior half. The largest communicating branch in 80% of specimens supplied the premamillary area. 5) The anterior choroidal artery originated from the carotid artery on both sides in all cases. A double anterior choroidal artery was present in 4% of cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.46.5.0563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:19:40Z","timestamp":1241709580000},"page":"563-578","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":334,"title":["Microsurgical anatomy of the upper basilar artery and the posterior circle of Willis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Naokatsu","family":"Saeki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert L.","family":"Rhoton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/56.3.233","article-title":"The clinical significance of the anterior choroidal artery.","volume":"56","author":"Abbie","year":"1933"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1963.00460040068006","article-title":"Circle of Willis in cerebral vascular disorders. The anatomical structure.","volume":"8","author":"Alpers","year":"1963"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1959.02340160007002","article-title":"Anatomical studies of the circle of Willis in normal brain.","volume":"81","author":"Alpers","year":"1959"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"403","article-title":"The cerebral arterial supply.","volume":"30","author":"Beevor","year":"1907"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","first-page":"493","article-title":"Anomalies of the encephalic arteries among the insane. A study of the arteries at the base of the encephalon in two hundred and twenty consecutive cases of mental disease, with special reference to anomalies of the circle of Willis.","volume":"17","author":"Blackburn","year":"1907"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Br Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5321.1701","article-title":"Contribution of radiology to the study of intracranial aneurysms.","volume":"2","author":"Bull","year":"1962"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00343049","article-title":"Beitrag zur Morphologie und Pathologie der Arteria basialis (Untersuchungsergebnisse bei 1000 Gehirnen).","volume":"208","author":"Busch","year":"1966"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1954.02320420042005","article-title":"The anterior choroidal artery. Its origin, course, distribution and variations.","volume":"71","author":"Carpenter","year":"1954"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neurology (Minneap)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.8.1.41","article-title":"Berry aneurysms of the circle of Willis. Results of a planned autopsy study.","volume":"8","author":"Chason","year":"1958"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.6.0671","article-title":"Surgical treatment of arterial aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar circulation.","volume":"41","author":"Chou","year":"1974"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Surg Gynec Obstet","first-page":"207","article-title":"Surgical occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery in parkinsonism.","volume":"99","author":"Cooper","year":"1954"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/81.2.207","article-title":"The blood vessels of the human optic chiasma and their relation to those of the hypophysis and hypothalamus.","volume":"81","author":"Dawson","year":"1958"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1961.18.2.0230","article-title":"Bleeding aneurysms of the basilar artery. Direct surgical management in four cases.","volume":"18","author":"Drake","year":"1961"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.29.4.0372","article-title":"Further experience with surgical treatment of aneurysms of the basilar artery.","volume":"29","author":"Drake","year":"1968"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Rev Neurol (Part 2)","first-page":"705","article-title":"Les arteres de l'axe enc\u00e9phalique jusqu' au dienc\u00e9phale inclusivement.","volume":"32","author":"Foix","year":"1925"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.124.2.231","article-title":"Pathologic anatomy of the thalamoperforating arteries in lesions of the third ventricle: Part II.","volume":"124","author":"George","year":"1975"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Neurology (Minneap)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.18.7.653","article-title":"The arterial and venous blood supplies to the forebrain (including the internal capsule) of primates.","volume":"18","author":"Gillilan","year":"1968"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh)","first-page":"192","article-title":"The thalamoperforate artery.","volume":"5","author":"Hara","year":"1966"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"The Hypothalamus","first-page":"210","article-title":"Blood supply to the human hypothalamus","author":"Haymaker","year":"1969"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Anat Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091540109","article-title":"The anterior choroidal artery: an anatomical study of its area of distribution.","volume":"154","author":"Herman","year":"1966"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Radiology of the Skull and Brain","first-page":"1809","article-title":"The superior cerebellar arrtery","volume":"II","author":"Hoffman"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Postoperative Complications in Neurosurgical Practice, Recognition, Prevention and Management","first-page":"61","author":"Horowitz","year":"1967"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.28.6.0544","article-title":"Aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system. Further experience with nine cases.","volume":"28","author":"Jamieson","year":"1968"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"The Brain Vascular System","author":"Kaplan","year":"1966"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Cerebral Angiography","author":"Krayenb\u00fchl","year":"1968"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Prog Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61478-8","article-title":"Arterial vertebro-basilar aneurysms.","volume":"30","author":"Laine","year":"1968"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1148\/91.6.1102","article-title":"The superior cerebellar artery: an anatomical-roentgenographic correlation.","volume":"91","author":"Mani","year":"1968"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Radiology of the Skull and Brain","first-page":"1551","article-title":"Gross and roentgenologic anatomy of the posterior cerebral artery","volume":"II","author":"Margolis","year":"1974"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490490037003","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm and ruptured intracranial aneurysm.","volume":"32","author":"Millikan","year":"1975"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1965.00470060092009","article-title":"The anterior choroidal artery.","volume":"13","author":"Otomo","year":"1965"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"The Neuroanatomic Basis for Clinical Neurology","author":"Peele","year":"1961"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Z Neurol","first-page":"1","article-title":"The anatomy of the arterial supply of the human thalamus and its use for the interpretation of the thalamic vascular pathology.","volume":"205","author":"Percheron","year":"1973"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.3.0259","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior cerebral-anterior communicating-recurrent artery complex.","volume":"45","author":"Perlmutter","year":"1976"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.6.6.390","article-title":"Surgical occlusion of anterior choroidal arteries in parkinsonism.","volume":"6","author":"Rand","year":"1956"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"24","article-title":"Variation in form of the circle of Willis. The relation of the variations to collateral circulation: anatomic analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Riggs","year":"1963"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1948.5.3.0312","article-title":"Arterial aneurysm of the posterior fossa.","volume":"5","author":"Schwartz","year":"1948"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Arteries and Veins of the Human Brain","author":"Stephens","year":"1969"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"J Anat Physiol","first-page":"131","article-title":"The arteries of the pons and medulla oblongata.","volume":"50","author":"Stopford","year":"1916"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Cerebrovascular Disorders","first-page":"12","author":"Toole","year":"1974"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"The Primate Thalamus","author":"Walker","year":"1938"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Acta Radiol [Diagn]","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851660050P163","article-title":"Arteries of the basal ganglia.","volume":"5","author":"Westberg","year":"1966"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Microsurgical fronto-lateral pterional approach to the basilar bifurcation aneurysms","author":"Ya\u015fargil"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/46\/5\/article-p563.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/46\/5\/article-p563.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/46\/5\/article-p563.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T06:28:39Z","timestamp":1658730519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/46\/5\/article-p563.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1977.46.5.0563","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,5]]}}}