{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:18:37Z","timestamp":1770887917034,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The authors report a study of 92 human embryos and four fetuses with myeloschisis. The characteristics of embryonic myeloschisis compared with spina bifida cystica in infants are: 1) the lesion is often more diffuse, involving the whole spinal cord (12 embryos); 2) the cervical cord is more frequently affected (23 of the remaining 80 embryos); 3) holoprosencephaly is frequently associated (18 embryos); 4) meningocele is not found; and 5) hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation are not yet developed. Hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation are found in myeloschistic fetuses. Almost all embryos with diffuse and cervical myeloschisis or with holoprosencephaly are extruded before birth by spontaneous abortion. Absence of meningocele in the embryonic period implies that its appearance is deferred to the fetal period. The development of hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation also seems to be delayed until the fetal period. Our observation implies that myelomeningocele is induced by non-closure of the neural tube, not by rupture once it was closed. \u201cNeural overgrowth\u201d and disturbed \u201crecanalization process\u201d are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of myelomeningocele.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.49.5.0711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:24:00Z","timestamp":1241709840000},"page":"711-724","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Myelomeningocele before birth"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Osaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tanimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1957.14.3.0285","article-title":"Possible factors in the development of the Arnold-Chiari malformation.","volume":"14","author":"Barry","year":"1957"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Acta Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1159\/000142822","article-title":"Sekund\u00e4re Lumenbildungen im Neuralrohr und R\u00fcckenmark menschlicher Embryonen.","volume":"64","author":"Bolli","year":"1966"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1710990304","article-title":"A quantitative study of a spina bifida foetus.","volume":"99","author":"Brocklehurst","year":"1969"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700730124","article-title":"The Arnold-Chiari and other neuroanatomical malformations associated with spina bifida.","volume":"73","author":"Cameron","year":"1957"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700730125","article-title":"Malformations of the neurospinal axis, urogenital tract and foregut in spina bifida attributable to disturbances of the blastopore.","volume":"73","author":"Cameron","year":"1957"},{"issue":"(7)","key":"b6","series-title":"Birth Def","first-page":"125","article-title":"Holoprosencephaly and facial dysmorphia; nosology, etiology and pathogenesis.","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"1971"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001150104","article-title":"Complete dysraphism in 14 somite human embyro.","volume":"115","author":"Dekaban","year":"1964"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Confin Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000104278","article-title":"Alobar holoprosencephaly (arhinencephaly) with median cleft lip and palate; clinical, electroencephalographic and nosologic considerations.","volume":"23","author":"DeMyer","year":"1963"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711100110","article-title":"The local cord lesion in neurospinal dysraphism (meningomyelocele).","volume":"110","author":"Emery","year":"1973"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/96.1.155","article-title":"Medullo-cervical dislocation deformity (Chiari II deformity) related to neurospinal dysraphism (meningomyelocele).","volume":"96","author":"Emery","year":"1973"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Arch Pathol","first-page":"174","article-title":"Severe developmental malformations; malformations induced by urethane and hydroxyurea in the hamster.","volume":"81","author":"Ferm","year":"1966"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Developmental Neuropathology. 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