{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:27:02Z","timestamp":1758122822092},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 An experimental treatment that results in dysraphic lesions in rat embryos was studied to gain insight into the origin of such lesions. Pregnant rats given 100,000 units of vitamin A by gavage tube on gestational Days 8, 9, and 10 produced abnormal litters, and 50% of the embryos had exencephaly and\/or spina bifida. Study of these embryonic lesions revealed hyperplasia of neural tube tissue that extended laterally to the edge of an epidermal defect. The epidermal defect consisted of the absence of fetal epidermis over the hyperplastic neural tissue. At no stage in development was embryonic hydrocephalus noted. In fact, the central canals of the embryos with malformations were poorly developed and smaller than those of control embryos. Results with this model indicate that the malformations arise through a process of overgrowth and hyperplasia and not from embryonic hydrocephalus. Continued work with this and other models is required to delineate new mechanisms and to offer alternative postulates for the origin of dysraphic lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.49.5.0725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:24:00Z","timestamp":1241709840000},"page":"725-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Experimental dysraphism in the rat"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Wissinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol Grace","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard W.","family":"Huntington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.13.6.556","article-title":"Congenital anomalies in the rat produced by excessive intake of vitamin A during pregnancy.","volume":"13","author":"Cohlan","year":"1954"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1126\/science.117.3046.535","article-title":"Excessive intake of vitamin A as a cause of congenital anomalies in the rat.","volume":"117","author":"Cohlan","year":"1953"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"The Dysraphic States from Syringomyelia to Anencephaly.","author":"Gardner","year":"1973"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental production of congenital malformations in strains of inbred mice by maternal treatment with hypervitaminosis A.","volume":"38","author":"Kalter","year":"1961"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901280102","article-title":"Effect of vitamin A on development of the central nervous system.","volume":"128","author":"Langman","year":"1966"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Invest Dermatol","first-page":"313","article-title":"On the specificity of the response of mouse epidermis to vitamin A.","volume":"31","author":"Lawrence","year":"1958"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Anat Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091520103","article-title":"Caudal myeloschisis (lumbo-sacral spina bifida cystica) in a five millimeter (Horizon XIV) human embryo.","volume":"152","author":"Lemire","year":"1965"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Biochem J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0790500","article-title":"Studies on the mode or action of excess vitamin A. 2. A possible role of intracellular proteases in the degradation of cartilage matrix.","volume":"79","author":"Lucy","year":"1961"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol","first-page":"261","article-title":"Mesodermal alterations induced by hypervitaminosis A.","volume":"15","author":"Marin-Padilla","year":"1966"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Somite necrosis and developmental malformations induced by vitamin A in the golden hamster.","volume":"13","author":"Marin-Padilla","year":"1965"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/182940a0","article-title":"Effect of vitamin B complex on the teratogenic activity of hypervitaminosis A.","volume":"182","author":"Millen","year":"1958"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"241","article-title":"Morphogenesis of the malformations induced in rat embryos by maternal hypervitaminosis A.","volume":"113","author":"Morriss","year":"1972"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol","first-page":"263","article-title":"The mechanism of vitamin A induced teratogenesis.","volume":"12","author":"Takekoshi","year":"1964"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901090103","article-title":"Myeloschisis and myelomeningocele produced experimentally in the rat.","volume":"109","author":"Warkany","year":"1958"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/49\/5\/article-p725.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/49\/5\/article-p725.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/49\/5\/article-p725.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T18:06:54Z","timestamp":1660500414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/49\/5\/article-p725.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1978.49.5.0725","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,11]]}}}