{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T01:55:06Z","timestamp":1782352506937,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 This study evaluates the histological and histochemical changes and osteogenicity of Synthos (tricalcium phosphate ceramic) implanted in the cervical intervertebral space. The cervical vertebrae from C-3 to C-6 were exposed in 20 dogs, and discectomy was performed at the third and fifth spaces. A dowel of Synthos was inserted into the third space, and a piece of fresh autologous graft from the humerus was inserted into the fifth space. The animals were divided into five groups with four animals in each. Four animals were sacrificed at each of 3, 6, 12, 18, and 22 weeks after the procedure. The C-3 to C-6 vertebrae were removed <jats:italic>en bloc<\/jats:italic>. One-half of each specimen was processed for histological examination of bone development, while the other half was processed for the two-color fluorescent labeling technique of Suzuki and Matthews for determination of osteogenesis at the time of operation and sacrifice. Various degrees of compression of the Synthos dowel were noted, with anterior and\/or posterior displacement of the implant in 70% of the cases. Results indicate that the Synthos implant was biochemically and biomechanically unacceptable for the purposes of this investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.4.0533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:32:38Z","timestamp":1241710358000},"page":"533-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Toshio","family":"Shima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano M.","family":"Alvira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H.","family":"Mayfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart B.","family":"Dunsker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"32","article-title":"Studies in bone growth. Triple calcium phosphate as a stimulus to osteogenesis.","volume":"71","author":"Albee","year":"1920"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Oral Surg","first-page":"336","article-title":"Biodegradable ceramic implants in bone. Electron and light microscopic analysis.","volume":"32","author":"Bhaskar","year":"1971"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Oral Surg","first-page":"282","article-title":"Tissue reaction to intrabony ceramic implants.","volume":"31","author":"Bhasker","year":"1971"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Orthop","first-page":"231","article-title":"A roentgenographic evaluation of frozen allografts versus autografts in anterior cervical spine fusions.","volume":"119","author":"Brown","year":"1976"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg","first-page":"332","article-title":"Experimental study of the fate of bone grafts.","volume":"35A","author":"Campbell","year":"1953"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Oral Surg","first-page":"850","article-title":"Reaction of bone to tricalcium phosphate ceramic pellets.","volume":"33","author":"Cutright","year":"1972"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Anat","first-page":"375","article-title":"Bone formation by fresh and frozen, autogenous and homogenous transplants of bone, bone marrow and periosteum.","volume":"96","author":"De Bruyn","year":"1955"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Spine","first-page":"15","article-title":"The role of methyl methacrylate in the stabilization and replacement of tumors of the cervical spine.","volume":"2","author":"Dunn","year":"1977"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"An evaluation of the osteogenic potential of a porous single phase tricalcium phosphate ceramic.","author":"Duquette"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Stain Technol","first-page":"273","article-title":"Preparation of thin undecalcified bone sections by rapid manual method.","volume":"33","author":"Frost","year":"1958"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"263","article-title":"Three biodegradable calcium phosphate slurry implants in bone.","volume":"30","author":"Getter","year":"1972"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"385","article-title":"Influence of a local excess of calcium and phosphorus on the healing of fractures. An experimental study.","volume":"29","author":"Haldeman","year":"1934"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Br J Plast Surg","first-page":"154","article-title":"The origin of bone that forms in association with cancellous chips transplanted into muscle.","volume":"5","author":"Ham","year":"1952"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"311","article-title":"Replacement of spinal intervertebral discs with locally polymerizing methyl methacrylate. Experimental study of effects upon tissues and report of a small clinical series.","volume":"16","author":"Hamby","year":"1959"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg","first-page":"176","article-title":"The effect of a local calcium depot on osteogenesis' and healing of fractures.","volume":"16","author":"Key","year":"1934"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg","first-page":"721","article-title":"Spongiosa test of bone grafts for transplantation.","volume":"36A","author":"Maatz","year":"1954"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"181","article-title":"Cervical spondylosis: a comparison of the anterior and posterior approaches.","volume":"13","author":"Mayfield","year":"1966"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"182","article-title":"Bone and cartilage transplants. Their use and behaviour.","volume":"29","author":"Mowlem","year":"1941"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"961","article-title":"Delayed and non-union in fractures in the adult.","volume":"93","author":"Murray","year":"1931"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"259","article-title":"Anterior removal of cervical disc without fusion.","volume":"20","author":"Robertson","year":"1973"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp","first-page":"223","article-title":"Anterolateral cervical disc removal and interbody fusion for cervical disc syndrome.","volume":"96","author":"Robinson","year":"1955"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"55","article-title":"Anterior fibular interbody fusion in the treatment of cervical spinal cord injuries.","volume":"7","author":"Rossier","year":"1977"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Transplant Proc","first-page":"73","article-title":"Anterior cervical fusion using preserved bone allografts.","volume":"8","author":"Schneider","year":"1976"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Studies in bone formation: the effect of the local presence of calcium salts on osteogenesis.","volume":"19","author":"Shands","year":"1937"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"867","article-title":"Experimental bone regeneration using lime salts and autogenous grafts as sources of available calcium.","volume":"59","author":"Stewart","year":"1934"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Stain Technol","first-page":"57","article-title":"Two-color fluorescent labeling of mineralizing tissues with tetracycline and 2,4-bis [N,N\u2032di-(carbomethyl)aminomethyl] fluorescein.","volume":"41","author":"Suzuki","year":"1966"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"67","article-title":"Experience with calf bone in cervical interbody spinal fusion.","volume":"36","author":"Taheri","year":"1972"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg","first-page":"443","article-title":"Osteogenic potency and newbone formation by induction in transplants to the anterior chamber of the eye.","volume":"34A","author":"Urist","year":"1952"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/51\/4\/article-p533.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/51\/4\/article-p533.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/51\/4\/article-p533.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]],"date-time":"2023-03-19T22:59:31Z","timestamp":1679266771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/51\/4\/article-p533.xml"}},"subtitle":["An experimental study using a synthetic tricalcium phosphate"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1979.51.4.0533","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,10]]}}}