{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:18:58Z","timestamp":1774664338446,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The present studies evaluated the effect of phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and thiopental at concentrations comparable to those attained during therapeutic barbiturate-induced coma, on <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation. Lymphocytes from normal volunteers were incubated for 72 hours in culture medium containing mitogen (phytohemagglutinin) and a range of concentrations of the barbiturates (5 to 833 \u00b5g\/ml). Three parameters of lymphocyte activation (mitogen-induced blast transformation, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and cell proliferation) were all suppressed by the barbiturates. The suppression was dose-dependent. The greatest suppression was caused by the short-acting barbiturate, thiopental. Lymphocyte responses were much less affected by the long-acting barbiturate, phenobarbital. The intermediateacting barbiturate, pentobarbital, was also intermediate in its ability to inhibit lymphocyte activation. The two- to threefold difference between the effects of thiopental and pentobarbital on lymphocyte function may have direct clinical relevance, since it is primarily these two agents that are employed to induce therapeutic \u201cbarbiturate coma.\u201d Since lymphocyte suppression appears to be much more marked in the presence of thiopental, these observations support a role for the other barbiturates in programs of induced coma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.56.2.0254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:16:18Z","timestamp":1241799378000},"page":"254-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Barbiturate inhibition of lymphocyte function"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Neuwelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suellen A.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lipsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Frenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"573","article-title":"Alteration of lymphocyte function due to anesthesia: in vivo and in vitro suppression of mitogen-induced blastogenesis by sodium pentobarbital.","volume":"87","author":"Formeister","year":"1980"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.5.0710","article-title":"Treatment of middle cerebral artery occlusion with pentobarbital and extracranial-intracranial bypass. Case report.","volume":"51","author":"Lawner","year":"1979"},{"key":"b3","author":"Levin","year":"1981"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-197801000-00001","article-title":"Pentobarbital therapy for intracranial hypertension in metabolic coma. Reye's syndrome.","volume":"6","author":"Marshall","year":"1978"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.50.1.0026","article-title":"The outcome with aggressive treatment in severe head injuries. Part II. Acute and chronic barbiturate administration in the management of head injury.","volume":"50","author":"Marshall","year":"1979"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060302","article-title":"Barbiturates and raised intracranial pressure.","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"1979"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410040404","article-title":"Clinical studies of intrathecal autologous lymphocyte infusions in patients with malignant glioma: a toxicity study.","volume":"4","author":"Neuwelt","year":"1978"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.2.0205","article-title":"Toxicity kinetics and clinical potential of subarachnoid lymphocyte infusions.","volume":"47","author":"Neuwelt","year":"1977"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410060303","article-title":"High-dose barbiturate therapy in humans: a clinical review of 60 patients.","volume":"6","author":"Rockoff","year":"1979"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(81)80081-X","article-title":"Management of prolonged therapeutic barbiturate coma.","volume":"15","author":"Selman","year":"1981"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.2.0220","article-title":"Barbiturate-induced coma therapy for focal cerebral ischemia. Effect after temporary and permanent MCA occlusion.","volume":"55","author":"Selman","year":"1981"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Anaesthesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1978.tb12415.x","article-title":"Anaesthesia, surgery and immunology.","volume":"33","author":"Walton","year":"1978"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/56\/2\/article-p254.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/56\/2\/article-p254.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/56\/2\/article-p254.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T12:39:01Z","timestamp":1658666341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/56\/2\/article-p254.xml"}},"subtitle":["Differing effects of various barbiturates used to induce coma"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.56.2.0254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,2]]}}}