{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:31:05Z","timestamp":1790886665620,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The water in normal and edematous brain tissues of rats was studied by the pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique, measuring the longitudinal relaxation time (T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and the transverse relaxation time (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). In the normal brain, T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were single components, both shorter than in pure water. Prolongation and separation of T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> into two components, one fast and one slow, were the characteristic findings in brain edema induced by both cold injury and triethyl tin (TET), although some differences between the two types of edema existed in the content of the lesion and in the degree of changes in T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values. Quantitative analysis of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values in their time course relating to water content demonstrated that prolongation of T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> referred to the volume of increased water in tissues examined, and that the two phases of T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reflected the distribution and the content of the edema fluid. From the analysis of the slow component of T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> versus water content during edema formation, it was demonstrated that the increase in edema fluid was steady, and its content was constant during formation of TET-induced edema. On the contrary, during the formation of cold-injury edema, water-rich edema fluid increased during the initial few hours, and protein-rich edema fluid increased thereafter. It was concluded that proton NMR relaxation time measurements may provide new understanding in the field of brain edema research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.56.6.0747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:13:51Z","timestamp":1241799231000},"page":"747-752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on brain edema"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Shoji","family":"Naruse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Horikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuzo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiyoshi","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Yoshizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196307000-00003","article-title":"Fine structure and electrolyte analyses of cerebral edema induced by alkyl tin intoxication.","volume":"22","author":"Aleu","year":"1963"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Exp Brain Res","first-page":"241","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies in normal and edematous brain tissue.","volume":"23","author":"Bakay","year":"1975"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(72)90084-0","article-title":"Pulsed NMR studies of water in striated muscle. 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