{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:28:38Z","timestamp":1791217718787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The authors report their investigation of the effects of high-dose barbiturates on the multimodality evoked response in 9 cats. After baseline evoked responses were obtained, boluses of pentobarbital were infused intravenously at regular intervals, amounting to cumulative total doses of 9, 18, 27, 45, 63, 123, and 183 mg\/kg at respective infusions. This resulted in gradually increasing serum pentobarbital levels, reaching therapeutic coma levels (4 to 5 mg\/dl) after the fifth infusion. At this point, the electroencephalogram was flat, and pressor agents were required to maintain cardiovascular stability. Evoked responses were obtained 15 minutes after each infusion. Brain-stem auditory evoked response (BAER) showed little change in wave latencies at therapeutic coma levels of pentobarbital. Further barbiturates resulted in delay of the late components of this response. In the somatosensory evoked responses (SER), early brain-stem components were relatively unaffected by therapeutic coma levels. Late brain-stem components and the initial cortical response showed progressive latency increase. Late cortical (association cortex) waves were abolished at relatively low doses. The central conduction time was relatively unaffected. The late waves of the visual evoked responses (VER) were abolished with low-dose barbiturates (9 mg\/kg). A single positive-negative complex persisted despite massive infusions. It is concluded that evoked responses may prove useful in monitoring patients in deep barbiturate coma, but barbiturate effects must be kept in mind.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.2.0178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T13:56:49Z","timestamp":1241791009000},"page":"178-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["The effects of deep barbiturate coma on multimodality evoked potentials"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Leslie N.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Frewen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurg","family":"Jaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek A.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90301-6","article-title":"Auditory brain stem responses in the cat. I. Intracranial and extracranial recordings.","volume":"48","author":"Achor","year":"1980"},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00004311-197000810-00008","article-title":"Action of anesthetics on somatic evoked activities.","volume":"8","author":"Albe-Fessard","year":"1970"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Prog Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63507-4","article-title":"Average evoked responses to somatic stimulation in the cat: changes in relation to state of vigilance.","volume":"22","author":"Albe-Fessard","year":"1968"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Otolaryngol","first-page":"64","article-title":"Click evoked eighth nerve and brain stem responses (electrocochleogram)\u2014experimental observations in the cat.","volume":"5","author":"Berry","year":"1976"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.10.6.647","article-title":"Barbiturates in focal ischemia of primate cortex: effects on blood flow distribution, evoked potential and extracellular potassium.","volume":"10","author":"Branston","year":"1979"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(74)90112-5","article-title":"Relationship between the cortical evoked potential and local cortical blood flow following acute middle cerebral artery occlusion in the baboon.","volume":"45","author":"Branston","year":"1974"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-197807000-00006","article-title":"Resuscitation from coma due to head injury.","volume":"6","author":"Bruce","year":"1978"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Intracranial Pressure IV","first-page":"630","article-title":"The effectiveness of iatrogenic barbiturate coma in controlling increased ICP in 61 children","author":"Bruce","year":"1980"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.48.5.0679","article-title":"Outcome following severe head injuries in children.","volume":"48","author":"Bruce","year":"1978"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145206","article-title":"Far-field acoustic response: origins in the cat.","volume":"189","author":"Buchwald","year":"1975"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.6.0740","article-title":"Noninvasive localization of brain-stem lesions in the cat with multimodality evoked potentials. Correlation with human head-injury data.","volume":"54","author":"Greenberg","year":"1981"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(73)90006-0","article-title":"Somatosensory system evoked potentials during waking behavior and sleep in the cat.","volume":"34","author":"Howe","year":"1973"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050412","article-title":"Central somatosensory conduction time in comatose patients.","volume":"5","author":"Hume","year":"1979"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(77)90079-7","article-title":"Far field somatosensory evoked potentials in the cat.","volume":"43","author":"Iragui-Madoz","year":"1977"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010610","article-title":"Far-field somatosensory evoked potentials in the cat: correlation with depth recording.","volume":"1","author":"Iragui-Madoz","year":"1977"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(70)90203-8","article-title":"Volume-conducted potentials in response to auditory stimuli as detected by averaging in the cat.","volume":"28","author":"Jewett","year":"1970"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Epilepsia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1977.tb04982.x","article-title":"Phenobarbital and phenytoin effects on somatosensory evoked potentials and spontaneous EEG in normal cat brain.","volume":"18","author":"Kaplan","year":"1977"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.5.0710","article-title":"Treatment of intraoperative middle cerebral artery occlusion with pentobarbital and extracranial-intracranial bypass. Case report.","volume":"51","author":"Lawner","year":"1979"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1973.39.2.0167","article-title":"Head injury in the chimpanzee. Part 2: Spontaneous and evoked epidural potentials as indices of injury severity.","volume":"39","author":"Letcher","year":"1973"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"156","article-title":"Barbiturate control of intracranial hypertension in head injury and other conditions: iatrogenic coma.","volume":"56","author":"Marshall","year":"1977"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.6.0751","article-title":"Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury. A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure.","volume":"54","author":"Narayan","year":"1981"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Head Injuries","first-page":"77","article-title":"Evoked potentials assessment of patients with neural trauma","author":"Perot","year":"1975"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","first-page":"98","article-title":"Hypnotics and sedatives. I. The barbiturates","author":"Sharpless","year":"1970"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.2.0180","article-title":"The effects of cold-induced brain edema and white-matter ischemia on the somatosensory evoked response.","volume":"53","author":"Sutton","year":"1980"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Brain Edema. Pathology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Advances in Neurology","first-page":"241","article-title":"Metabolic and electrophysiologic consequences of vasogenic edema","volume":"28","author":"Sutton","year":"1980"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(79)90227-2","article-title":"Central conduction time as an index of ischaemia in subarachnoid haemorrhage.","volume":"44","author":"Symon","year":"1979"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Clinical Uses of Cerebral, Brainstem and Spinal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials. Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology","first-page":"105","article-title":"Early components of the somatosensory evoked potential in man, cat and rat","volume":"7","author":"Wiederholt","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/2\/article-p178.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/2\/article-p178.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/2\/article-p178.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T05:05:50Z","timestamp":1668315950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/2\/article-p178.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.57.2.0178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,8]]}}}