{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:38:37Z","timestamp":1792276717126,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Chiefly because of advances in prenatal diagnostic ultrasonography, prognostic data on congenital hydrocephalus have increased in pertinence. Neurosurgeons may be confronted with requests for prognostic information after discovery of gestational hydrocephalus. Because previous reports reflect technical problems, complications, and less favorable results of an evolutionary period in hydrocephalus therapy, the authors have attempted to update the prognostic picture with a review of their results in hydrocephalus that is overt at birth. The status of 37 children treated with cerebrospinal fluid shunts after delivery at term with overt hydrocephalus was evaluated after an average 6-year follow-up period. They represented 8% of all children being followed for hydrocephalus. Outcome was also reviewed in 11 patients with severe hydrocephalus who were not treated. Of treated patients, 86% survived 1 to 16 years, while all of the untreated infants died at an average of 2.5 months. Approximately two-thirds of treated patients have normal or borderline intellectual capabilities (mean IQ 96, standard deviation 22). Dandy-Walker malformation was associated with a high mortality and a very low IQ in survivors. Congenital aqueductal atresia was also associated with intellectual impairment, but children with communicating hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele were not intellectually impaired. Among the survivors with low IQ, the poor outcome was generally predictable on the basis of cortical mantle thickness and \u201cbrain mass\u201d calculations before therapy. The findings from this partially selected series indicate that the majority of babies born with overt hydrocephalus have a good prognosis with appropriate therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.3.0378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T13:57:07Z","timestamp":1241791027000},"page":"378-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Current prognosis in overt neonatal hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"McCullough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn A.","family":"Balzer-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198104233041706","article-title":"Antenatal treatment of hydrocephalus.","volume":"304","author":"Birnholz","year":"1981"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Neuropaediatrie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091496","article-title":"Intellectual development and brain size in 13 shunted hydrocephalic children.","volume":"9","author":"Bottcher","year":"1978"},{"issue":"3D","key":"b3","series-title":"Birth Defects","first-page":"209","article-title":"The use of ultrasound in the antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.","volume":"13","author":"Campbell","year":"1977"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1981.00510100035004","article-title":"The intelligence of hydrocephalic children.","volume":"38","author":"Dennis","year":"1981"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1963.20.12.1064","article-title":"Five-year comparative study of hydrocephalus in children with and without operation (113 cases).","volume":"20","author":"Foltz","year":"1963"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.50.2.0179","article-title":"Long-term results after ventriculoatrial and ventriculoperitoneal shunting for infantile hydrocephalus.","volume":"50","author":"Keucher","year":"1979"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1152","article-title":"The natural history of hydrocephalus.","volume":"2","author":"Laurence","year":"1958"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.37.194.345","article-title":"The natural history of hydrocephalus. Detailed analysis of 182 unoperated cases.","volume":"37","author":"Laurence","year":"1962"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.43.231.516","article-title":"Primary congenital hydrocephalus. Long-term results of controlled therapeutic trial.","volume":"43","author":"Lorber","year":"1968"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1973.39.3.0348","article-title":"The prognosis of hydrocephalus overt at birth.","volume":"39","author":"Mealey","year":"1973"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.41.1.106","article-title":"Head circumference from birth to eighteen years. Practical composite international and interracial graphs.","volume":"41","author":"Nellhaus","year":"1968"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"664","article-title":"Intellectual development in shunted hydrocephalic children.","volume":"127","author":"Raimondi","year":"1974"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Surg Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(73)90057-7","article-title":"Effect of \u201celapsed time\u201d and \u201cinsults\u201d on mental development in hydrocephalics.","volume":"14","author":"Selker","year":"1973"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1973.04160050042008","article-title":"Hydrocephalus. A definition of its progression and relationship to intellectual function, diagnosis, and complications.","volume":"125","author":"Shurtleff","year":"1973"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1963.20.2.0105","article-title":"Prognosis in infantile hydrocephalus. Past and present.","volume":"20","author":"Yashon","year":"1963"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1965.23.5.0509","article-title":"The course of severe untreated infantile hydrocephalus. Prognostic significance of the cerebral mantle.","volume":"23","author":"Yashon","year":"1965"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.52.1.38","article-title":"The relationship of intelligence and cerebral mantle in treated infantile hydrocephalus. (IQ potential in hydrocephalic children.)","volume":"52","author":"Young","year":"1973"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/3\/article-p378.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/3\/article-p378.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/3\/article-p378.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T04:54:53Z","timestamp":1668315293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/3\/article-p378.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.57.3.0378","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,9]]}}}