{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:20:54Z","timestamp":1769156454611,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Experiments were performed to assess the effects of vertebral column distraction on evoked potential responses from multiple recording sites along the conducting pathway in the monkey, and on concurrent blood flows, measured with the radioactive microsphere technique, along the axis of the central nervous system. Linear distractive loads were applied until the amplitude of the evoked response was significantly reduced. In four monkeys, the loads (100 to 150 lb) were sustained, whereas in two monkeys the forces (80 to 110 lb) were relaxed. The earliest response changes were most marked in recordings dependent upon the integrity of the upper cervical dorsal columns or brain stem-lemniscal pathway. The responses returned to control levels with load relaxation, but maintenance of the tractive load produced generalized and progressive response attenuation. At selected periods of significant changes in the evoked potential response, blood flow remained stable except for the late onset of regional ischemia in the middle cervical through upper thoracic spinal cord levels in the animals undergoing sustained loads. These findings indicate that brain-stem or spinal cord dysfunction occurring with both acute and gradual elongation of the spinal canal are the result of excess tensile stress acting on fiber tracts, and the delayed onset of spinal cord ischemia is the probable result of a similar mechanical process acting upon intrinsic spinal cord blood vessels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.5.0651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T13:57:05Z","timestamp":1241791025000},"page":"651-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Effects of vertebral column distraction in the monkey"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Cusick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Myklebust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Zyvoloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Sances","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Houterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanford J.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.48.2.0232","article-title":"Effects of laminectomy on spinal cord blood flow.","volume":"48","author":"Anderson","year":"1978"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.6.0834","article-title":"Sensitivity of the short-range spinal interneurons of the cat to experimental spinal cord trauma.","volume":"51","author":"Benoist","year":"1979"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Acta Physiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.1953.tb10766.x","article-title":"The spinal cord potentials in leads from the cord dorsum in relation to peripheral source of afferent stimulation.","volume":"29","author":"Bernhard","year":"1953"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.2.0162","article-title":"Blood flow in normal and injured monkey spinal cord.","volume":"43","author":"Bingham","year":"1975"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Adverse Mechanical Tension in the Central Nervous System. An Analysis of Cause and Effect: Relief by Functional Neurosurgery.","author":"Breig","year":"1978"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Biomechanics of the Central Nervous System.","author":"Breig","year":"1960"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.31.4.598","article-title":"Some sources of error in measuring regional blood flow with radioactive microspheres.","volume":"31","author":"Buckberg","year":"1971"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"820","article-title":"A study of tractive forces and angle of pull on vertebral interspaces in the cervical spine.","volume":"46","author":"Colachis","year":"1965"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.46.6.0767","article-title":"Mechanical and physiological effects of dentatotomy.","volume":"46","author":"Cusick","year":"1977"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500390058005","article-title":"Spinal cord evaluation by cortical evoked response.","volume":"36","author":"Cusick","year":"1979"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.49.4.0551","article-title":"Spinal evoked potentials in the primate: neural substrate.","volume":"49","author":"Cusick","year":"1978"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.4.293","article-title":"Analyses of evoked lumbosacral potentials in man.","volume":"41","author":"Delbeke","year":"1978"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.6.0756","article-title":"The effect of spinal distraction on regional spinal cord blood flow in cats.","volume":"53","author":"Dolan","year":"1980"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Physiol (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006884","article-title":"Central pathways responsible for depolarization of primary afferent fibres.","volume":"161","author":"Eccles","year":"1962"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230400043030","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord injury during skeletal traction.","volume":"229","author":"Fried","year":"1974"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Am J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1933.103.2.303","article-title":"Potentials produced in the spinal cord by stimulation of dorsal roots.","volume":"103","author":"Gasser","year":"1933"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1955.18.2.170","article-title":"Differential vulnerability of spinal cord structures to anoxia.","volume":"18","author":"Gelfan","year":"1955"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Physiol (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005087","article-title":"Effects of stretch on single myelinated nerve fibres.","volume":"124","author":"Gray","year":"1954"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.5.0620","article-title":"Effects of anesthesia and laminectomy on regional spinal cord blood flow in conscious sheep.","volume":"54","author":"Hales","year":"1981"},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"Orthop Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31196-2","article-title":"Creep characteristics of the human spinal column.","volume":"6","author":"Kazarian","year":"1975"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.50.5.0639","article-title":"The effects of ischemia on long-tract neural conduction in the spinal cord.","volume":"50","author":"Kobrine","year":"1979"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198007000-00001","article-title":"Evoked potentials in experimental myelopathy.","volume":"5","author":"Larson","year":"1980"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Am)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557030-00020","article-title":"Acute neurological complications in the treatment of scoliosis. A report of the Scoliosis Research Society.","volume":"57","author":"MacEwen","year":"1975"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.48.5.748","article-title":"Comparison of microsphere and Xenon-133 clearance method in measuring skeletal muscle and cerebral blood flow.","volume":"48","author":"Marcus","year":"1981"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(68)90015-8","article-title":"Mechanical properties of tissues of the nervous system.","volume":"1","author":"Ommaya","year":"1968"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.21.2.163","article-title":"The circulation of the fetus in utero. Methods for studying distribution of blood flow, cardiac output and organ blood flow.","volume":"21","author":"Rudolph","year":"1967"},{"key":"b27","first-page":"149","article-title":"Experimental studies of brain and neck injury","author":"Sances","year":"1981"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"SAE Trans","first-page":"3815","article-title":"The evoked potential: an experimental method for biomechanical analysis of brain and spinal injury.","volume":"89","author":"Sances","year":"1980"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/84.1.102","article-title":"Stress-strain phenomena in human peripheral nerve trunks.","volume":"84","author":"Sunderland","year":"1961"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Physiol (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp005997","article-title":"Excitability changes in afferent fibre terminations and their relation to slow potentials.","volume":"142","author":"Wall","year":"1958"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr","first-page":"612","article-title":"Stretch trauma of the spinal cord: oxidative metabolism and ultrastructural changes.","volume":"7","author":"Yamada","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/5\/article-p651.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/5\/article-p651.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/5\/article-p651.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T04:48:24Z","timestamp":1668314904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/57\/5\/article-p651.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.57.5.0651","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,11]]}}}