{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T21:07:46Z","timestamp":1784063266407,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 This study examined the effects of bolus injections of naloxone hydrochloride, a specific narcotic antagonist, on systemic cardiovascular function, intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures, blood gas status, and cortical encephalograms (EEG's) in 38 cats after two different grades of experimental brain injury. Naloxone had no prolonged effects on uninjured control animals. However, as compared to a saline-injected control group, naloxone significantly reversed the hypotension and reduction in pulse pressure seen after higher grades of injury. These changes persisted for at least 60 minutes after injection and were accompanied by increased intracranial and perfusion pressures. More severely injured hypotensive cats injected with naloxone also had higher values of arterial pO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and pH, lower pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, as well as higher EEG amplitudes. In less severely injured normotensive cats, naloxone produced greater effects on cardiovascular variables and intracranial pressure when injected 15 minutes rather than 45 minutes after injury. These data suggest that endogenous opiates may contribute to some instances of hypotension seen after concussive brain injury. Levels of endogenous opiates may also increase transiently even with lesser degrees of injury not associated with hypotension. The possible clinical application of narcotic antagonists to the treatment of head injury is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.5.0720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:09:47Z","timestamp":1241798987000},"page":"720-728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Effects of naloxone on systemic and cerebral responses to experimental concussive brain injury in cats"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Galinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Kulkarne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"272","article-title":"Naloxone reversal of ischaemic neurological deficits in man.","volume":"2","author":"Baskin","year":"1981"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"539","article-title":"Nitrous oxide analgesia: reversal by naloxone and development of tolerance.","volume":"203","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1977"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"499","article-title":"Disposition of naloxone: use of a new radioimmunoassay.","volume":"195","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1975"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Experientia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01959887","article-title":"Beneficial action of naloxone in splanchnic artery occlusion shock.","volume":"37","author":"Curtis","year":"1981"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Br J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1980.tb10862.x","article-title":"Release of opioid peptides in anaesthetized cats?","volume":"68","author":"Dashwood","year":"1980"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/64.2-3.93","article-title":"Experimental cerebral concussion.","volume":"64","author":"Denny-Brown","year":"1941"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Proceedings: The Fifth International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure.","article-title":"The effect of three potentially treatable complications on outcome after severe closed head injury","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1983"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.44.2.0191","article-title":"Dynamic changes in regional CBF, intraventricular pressure, CSF pH and lactate levels during the acute phase of head injury.","volume":"44","author":"Enevoldsen","year":"1976"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"441","article-title":"Naloxone treatment of endotoxin shock: stereospecificity of physiologic and pharmacologic effects in the rat.","volume":"212","author":"Faden","year":"1980"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.451606","article-title":"Opiate antagonists: a role in the treatment of hypovolemic shock.","volume":"205","author":"Faden","year":"1979"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90246-8","article-title":"Dopamine partially mediates the cardiovascular effects of naloxone after spinal injury.","volume":"213","author":"Faden","year":"1981"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(80)90018-1","article-title":"Endorphin-parasympathetic interactions in spinal shock.","volume":"2","author":"Faden","year":"1980"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7455690","article-title":"Opiate antagonist improves neurologic recovery after spinal injury.","volume":"211","author":"Faden","year":"1981"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198110293051806","article-title":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves neurologic recovery after spinal trauma in cats.","volume":"305","author":"Faden","year":"1981"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100403","article-title":"Endorphins in experimental spinal injury: therapeutic effect of naloxone.","volume":"10","author":"Faden","year":"1981"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Eur J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(80)90214-9","article-title":"Reversal by naloxone of hemorrhagic shock in anephric cats.","volume":"65","author":"Feuerstein","year":"1980"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(78)90124-7","article-title":"Ischaemic brain damage in fatal non-missile head injuries.","volume":"39","author":"Graham","year":"1978"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.196.4290.600.a","article-title":"Naloxone antagonism as evidence for narcotic mechanisms.","volume":"196","author":"Hayes","year":"1977"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.3.434","article-title":"Blood gas tensions and acid-base balance in awake cats.","volume":"30","author":"Herbert","year":"1971"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Circ Shock","first-page":"313","article-title":"Chronic opiate receptor occupation and increased lethality in endotoxemia.","volume":"8","author":"Hess","year":"1981"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Soc Neurosci Abst","first-page":"409","article-title":"Evidence for endorphin release during electroconvulsive shock.","volume":"4","author":"Holaday","year":"1978"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Life Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(82)90419-2","article-title":"Naloxone or TRH fails to improve neurologic deficits in gerbil models of \u201cstroke.\u201d","volume":"31","author":"Holaday","year":"1982"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6787704","article-title":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves cardiovascular function in experimental endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock.","volume":"213","author":"Holaday","year":"1981"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1126\/science.218.4572.592.b","article-title":"Naloxone and ischemic neurologic deficits in the gerbil: is there an effect?","volume":"218","author":"Holaday","year":"1982"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90032-3","article-title":"Naloxone acts at central opiate receptors to reverse hypotension, hypothermia and hypoventilation in spinal shock.","volume":"189","author":"Holaday","year":"1980"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/275450a0","article-title":"Naloxone reversal of endotoxin hypotension suggests role of endorphins in shock.","volume":"275","author":"Holaday","year":"1978"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6274019","article-title":"Reversal of induced ischemic neurologic deficit in gerbils by the opiate antagonist naloxone.","volume":"215","author":"Hosobuchi","year":"1982"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther","first-page":"310","article-title":"Naloxone reversal of insulin induced hypotension in reserpine pretreated rats.","volume":"251","author":"Huidobro-Toro","year":"1981"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)91251-2","article-title":"Ventriculocisternal administration of naloxone protects against severe hypotension during endotoxin shock.","volume":"194","author":"Janssen","year":"1980"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.4.0500","article-title":"Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow after experimental fluid percussion injury of the brain.","volume":"53","author":"Lewelt","year":"1980"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Acta Physiol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04477.x","article-title":"Production and distribution of intracranial and intraspinal pressure changes at sudden extradural fluid volume input in rabbits.","volume":"76","author":"Lindgren","year":"1969"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.3.0289","article-title":"Further experience in the management of severe head injury.","volume":"54","author":"Miller","year":"1981"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.3.0292","article-title":"Relation of cerebral blood flow to neurological status and outcome in head-injured patients.","volume":"51","author":"Obrist","year":"1979"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Circ Shock","first-page":"39","article-title":"Blockade of opiate receptors with naloxone improves survival and cardiac performance in canine endotoxic shock.","volume":"7","author":"Reynolds","year":"1980"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198112000-00001","article-title":"Midbrain lesions: frequent and significant prognostic feature in closed head injury.","volume":"9","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1981"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Proceedings: The Fifth International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure.","article-title":"The etiology of plateau waves: a theoretical model with experimental validation","author":"Rosner","year":"1983"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Head Injury: Basic and Clinical Aspects.","first-page":"103","article-title":"The clinical relevance of laboratory head injury models: prerequisites of therapeutic testing","author":"Rosner","year":"1982"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.63.1.117","article-title":"Effect of naloxone, a specific opioid inhibitor, on blood pressure fall during sleep.","volume":"63","author":"Rubin","year":"1981"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.1.0018","article-title":"The effects of graded experimental trauma on cerebral blood flow and responsiveness to CO2.","volume":"51","author":"Saunders","year":"1979"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.5.0520","article-title":"Fluid-percussion model of mechanical brain injury in the cat.","volume":"45","author":"Sullivan","year":"1976"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Circ Shock","first-page":"31","article-title":"Naloxone reversal of hypovolemic shock in dogs.","volume":"7","author":"Vargish","year":"1980"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6281891","article-title":"Organization of endogenous opiate and nonopiate pain control systems.","volume":"216","author":"Watkins","year":"1982"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.46.1.37","article-title":"Functional, morphological and metabolic abnormalities of the cerebral microcirculation after concussive brain injury in cats.","volume":"46","author":"Wei","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/58\/5\/article-p720.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/58\/5\/article-p720.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/58\/5\/article-p720.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T05:17:24Z","timestamp":1668316644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/58\/5\/article-p720.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1983.58.5.0720","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]}}}