{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:03:11Z","timestamp":1787025791687,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 A publication from the University of Rochester Cancer Center in 1975 suggested an improvement in the survival time of patients with intracranial ependymomas in whom an aggressive postoperative radiation therapy approach had been adopted. The regimen was tailored to the aggressiveness and spread patterns of these tumors and therefore considered the patient's age, tumor histopathology and location, and status of the subarachnoid space and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The authors proposed using whole brain (WB) fields for all patients with low-grade supratentorial tumors, and WB with cervical cord field extensions for low-grade infratentorial tumors if either group had no CSF or subarachnoid evidence of spinal metastases. They also proposed using craniospinal irradiation for all patients with high-grade ependymomas (regardless of location) or with low-grade infratentorial tumors with positive CSF or subarachnoid findings of spinal metastases. Recommended doses were as follows: 4500 rads to the whole brain, 5500 rads to the primary tumor volume, and 3000 to 4000 rads to the spine, depending on its subarachnoid status. Children aged 3 years or under were to receive 80% of these doses and more protracted daily treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Analysis of the updated experience indicates that in 51 patients treated with this approach these criteria have yielded a beneficial and consistent increase in the survival time. A 69% 10-year survival rate has been observed (75% for low-grade and 67% for high-grade ependymomas). A multifactorial analysis of survival by prognostic factors and by grouping of prognostic factors, analysis of failures, autopsy findings, and quality of survival is presented and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.4.0652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T12:17:29Z","timestamp":1241785049000},"page":"652-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Improved survival in cases of intracranial ependymoma after radiation therapy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Omar M.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernan","family":"Castro-Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"VanHoutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Aygun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(82)90056-6","article-title":"Intracranial tumors: response and resistance to therapeutic endeavors, 1970\u20131980.","volume":"8","author":"Bloom","year":"1982"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820601)49:11<2276::AID-CNCR2820491112>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Intracranial ependymoma. Results of radiotherapy at the University of Kentucky.","volume":"49","author":"Chin","year":"1982"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.3.0273","article-title":"Ependymomas and ependymoblastomas in children.","volume":"45","author":"Dohrmann","year":"1976"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","article-title":"Ependymomas: results of radiation treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Garrett","year":"1983"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Biometrika","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.1-2.203","article-title":"A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing singly-censored samples.","volume":"52","author":"Gehan","year":"1965"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Strahlentherapie","first-page":"97","article-title":"Considerations in the radiation treatment of intracranial ependymoma. Prognosis in 24 own cases and results in published series after different techniques of radiation treatment.","volume":"156","author":"Glanzmann","year":"1980"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Am Stat Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations.","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Section 10, Fascicle 35.","author":"Kernohan","year":"1952"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1148\/124.3.805","article-title":"Intracranial ependymomas.","volume":"124","author":"Kim","year":"1977"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"3","article-title":"A comparative study of ependymomas by site of origin.","volume":"8","author":"Marks","year":"1982"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1148\/15.3.687","article-title":"Radiation therapy of brain tumors in children.","volume":"115","author":"Onayama","year":"1975"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"408","article-title":"Seeding of intracranial ependymomas in children.","volume":"5","author":"Renaudin","year":"1979"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Moments of Decision in Primary Brain Tumors.","first-page":"81","author":"Salazar","year":"1977"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Modern Radiation Oncology: Classic Literature and Current Management.","first-page":"105","article-title":"Primary brain tumors of the posterior fossa","author":"Salazar","year":"1978"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197506)35:6<1563::AID-CNCR2820350614>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Improved survival of patients with intracranial ependymomas by irradiation: dose selection and field extension.","volume":"35","author":"Salazar","year":"1975"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197702)39:2+<873::AID-CNCR2820390725>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Radiation therapy of brain tumors.","volume":"39","author":"Sheline","year":"1977"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197503)35:3+<957::AID-CNCR2820350717>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Radiation therapy of tumors of the central nervous system in childhood.","volume":"35","author":"Sheline","year":"1975"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490530053004","article-title":"The biology of childhood ependymomas.","volume":"32","author":"Shuman","year":"1975"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/59\/4\/article-p652.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/59\/4\/article-p652.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/59\/4\/article-p652.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T22:56:02Z","timestamp":1668293762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/59\/4\/article-p652.xml"}},"subtitle":["Late report and recommendations"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1983.59.4.0652","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,10]]}}}