{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:03:10Z","timestamp":1787025790130,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    \u2713 A baboon model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been developed to study the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral edema associated with the acute stage of SAH. In this model, hemorrhage was caused by avulsion of the posterior communicating artery via a periorbital approach, with the orbit sealed and ICP restored to normal before SAH was produced. Local CBF was measured in six sites in the two hemispheres, and ICP monitored by an implanted extradural transducer. Following sacrifice of the animal, the effect of the induced SAH on ICP, CBF, autoregulation, and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reactivity in the two hemispheres was assessed. Brain water measurements were also made in areas of gray and white matter corresponding to areas of blood flow measurements, and also in the deep nuclei.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    Two principal patterns of ICP change were found following SAH; one group of animals showed a return to baseline ICP quite quickly and the other maintained high ICP for over an hour. The CBF was reduced after SAH to nearly 20% of control values in all areas, and all areas showed impaired autoregulation. Variable changes in CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reactivity were evident, but on the side of the hemorrhage CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reactivity was predominantly reduced. Differential increase in pressure lasting for over 7 minutes was evident soon after SAH on the side of the ruptured vessel. There was a significant increase of water in all areas, and in cortex and deep nuclei as compared to control animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.6.0917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T12:20:59Z","timestamp":1241785259000},"page":"917-924","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["An experimental study of the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Kuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Symon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.42.10.892","article-title":"Delayed effects of subarachnoid haemorrhage on cerebral metabolism and the cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia in the primate.","volume":"42","author":"Boisvert","year":"1979"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.28.1.0001","article-title":"The biphasic response of cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"28","author":"Brawley","year":"1968"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.37.6.0715","article-title":"Structural changes of the intradural arteries following subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"37","author":"Conway","year":"1972"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Biomed Eng","first-page":"452","article-title":"An intracranial pressure transducer.","volume":"6","author":"Dorsh","year":"1971"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Arch Neurol Pscyhiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1942.02290010087007","article-title":"Vasospasm and focal cerebral ischemia. 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Neurologic deficits, intracranial pressures, blood pressures, and pulse rates.","volume":"8","author":"Hayakawa","year":"1977"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"216","article-title":"Effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on the extracellular microenvironment.","volume":"56","author":"Hubschmann","year":"1981"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.12.3.301","article-title":"Are prostaglandins involved in experimental ischemic edema in gerbils?","volume":"12","author":"Iannotti","year":"1981"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.13.5.601","article-title":"A primate model of subarachnoid haemorrhage: change in regional cerebral blood flow, autoregulation, carbon dioxide reactivity and central conduction time.","volume":"13","author":"Jakubowski","year":"1982"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"68","article-title":"Arterial spasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage: mechanical considerations.","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"1958"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.15.7.622","article-title":"Cerebral vasomotor paralysis produced by intracranial hypertension.","volume":"15","author":"Langfitt","year":"1965"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1960.17.1.0090","article-title":"Local spasm in cerebral arteries.","volume":"17","author":"Lende","year":"1960"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Can J Surg","first-page":"329","article-title":"A method of introducing blood into the subarachnoid space in the region of the circle of Willis in dogs.","volume":"4","author":"Lougheed","year":"1961"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Brain Edema","article-title":"The time course and distribution of water in the restriction phase of infusion edema","author":"Marmarou","year":"1982"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.12.1.58","article-title":"Cerebrovascular reactivity and metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage in baboons.","volume":"12","author":"Mendelow","year":"1981"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.3.0285","article-title":"Experimental cerebral vasospasm. Part I: Factors contributing to early spasm.","volume":"41","author":"Nagai","year":"1974"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.5.0537","article-title":"Intracranial pressure in patients with ruptured saccular aneurysm.","volume":"36","author":"Nornes","year":"1972"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.4.4.556","article-title":"The hydrogen clearance in assessment of blood flow in cortex, white matter and deep nuclei of baboons.","volume":"4","author":"Pasztor","year":"1973"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.29.4.0357","article-title":"Prolonged experimental cerebral vasospasm.","volume":"29","author":"Simeone","year":"1968"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.30.6.497","article-title":"An experimental study of traumatic cerebral vascular spasm.","volume":"30","author":"Symon","year":"1967"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.10.2.184","article-title":"Ischemic brain edema following middle cerebral artery occlusion in baboons: relationship between regional cerebral water content and blood flow at 1 to 2 hours.","volume":"10","author":"Symon","year":"1979"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.6.617","article-title":"Effect of supratentorial space-occupying lesions on regional intracranial pressure and local cerebral blood flow: an experimental study in baboons.","volume":"37","author":"Symon","year":"1974"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism","first-page":"235","article-title":"Differential pressures recorded in acute epidural expanding lesions. 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