{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:01:54Z","timestamp":1771272114089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 A model of congenital hydrocephalus <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> in fetal lambs and rhesus monkeys has been produced by the intracisternal injection of kaolin. Initial attempts to produce hydrocephalus using silicone oil were unrewarding. Hydrocephalus had developed by 2 weeks post-injection and could be followed by ultrasonography. The pathological findings were similar to those reported using kaolin in other species. Ventriculoamniotic shunting, when successful, was capable of partially reversing the deleterious effects of hydrocephalus. The major drawback of the present model is that hydrocephalus is produced during the second rather than the first trimester of pregnancy. However, kaolin produces mainly an obstructive hydrocephalus without other associated brain or systemic anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.60.1.0115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:19:39Z","timestamp":1241799579000},"page":"115-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Kaolin-induced congenital hydrocephalus in utero in fetal lambs and rhesus monkeys"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Michael S. B.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Halks-Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Don K.","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell S.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip L.","family":"Glick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daryl H.","family":"Chinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"325","article-title":"Experimental congenital hydrocephalus. A review with special consideration of hydrocephalus produced by zinc deficiency.","volume":"2","author":"Adeloye","year":"1976"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198104233041706","article-title":"Antenatal treatment of hydrocephalus.","volume":"304","author":"Birnholz","year":"1981"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.2.6683415","article-title":"The lateral cerebral ventricle in early second trimester.","volume":"148","author":"Chinn","year":"1983"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.4.0400","article-title":"Experimental hydrocephalus. Part 3: Light microscopic findings in acute and subacute obstructive hydrocephalus in the monkey.","volume":"32","author":"Clark","year":"1970"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198206033062202","article-title":"A surgical approach to the treatment of fetal hydrocephalus.","volume":"306","author":"Clewell","year":"1982"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.1.0020","article-title":"Ventricular perfusion in cats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.","volume":"41","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1974"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1963.00460020056004","article-title":"Experimental obstructive hydrocephalus. Changes in the cerebrum.","volume":"8","author":"Fishman","year":"1963"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03330190060034","article-title":"Antenatal treatment of hydrocephalus by ventriculoamniotic shunting.","volume":"248","author":"Frigoletto","year":"1982"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00940754","article-title":"Neonatal hydrocephalus in the offspring of rats fed during pregnancy non-toxic amounts of tellurium.","volume":"206","author":"Garro","year":"1964"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Pediatr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(82)80193-0","article-title":"Fetal surgery in the primate. I. Anesthetic, surgical and tocolytic management to maximize fetal-neonatal survival.","volume":"17","author":"Harrison","year":"1982"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"260","article-title":"Correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in utero. II. Simulated correction permits fetal lung growth with survival at birth.","volume":"88","author":"Harrison","year":"1980"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320070058030","article-title":"Management of the fetus with a correctable congenital defect.","volume":"246","author":"Harrison","year":"1981"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"807","article-title":"Hydrocephalus and viral infections.","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"1975"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.157.3792.1066","article-title":"Virus-induced hydrocephalus: development of aqueductal stenosis in hamsters after mumps infection.","volume":"157","author":"Johnson","year":"1967"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.3.0378","article-title":"Current prognosis in overt neonatal hydrocephalus.","volume":"57","author":"McCullough","year":"1982"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1973.39.3.0348","article-title":"The prognosis of hydrocephalus overt at birth.","volume":"39","author":"Mealy","year":"1973"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320100029024","article-title":"In utero diagnosis and treatment of nonhuman primate fetal anomalies. I. Hydrocephalus.","volume":"246","author":"Michejda","year":"1981"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Hydrocephalus and the Cerebrospinal Fluid.","author":"Milhorat","year":"1972"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.4.0390","article-title":"Experimental hydrocephalus. Part 2: Gross pathological findings in acute and subacute obstructive hydrocephalus in the dog and monkey.","volume":"32","author":"Milhorat","year":"1970"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"14","article-title":"Experimental progressive hydrocephalus in the young animal.","volume":"5","author":"Sahar","year":"1979"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(78)90046-1","article-title":"The effects of hydrocephalus upon the developing brain.","volume":"36","author":"Weller","year":"1978"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.3.0255","article-title":"Infantile hydrocephalus: clinical, histological, and ultrastructural study of brain damage.","volume":"36","author":"Weller","year":"1972"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197110000-00006","article-title":"Experimental hydrocephalus in young dogs: histological and ultrastructural study of the brain tissue damage.","volume":"30","author":"Weller","year":"1971"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.31.1.0010","article-title":"Experimental hydrocephalus produced by the subarachnoid infusion of silicone oil.","volume":"31","author":"Wi\u015bniewski","year":"1969"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/60\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/60\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/60\/1\/article-p115.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1658692486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/60\/1\/article-p115.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1984.60.1.0115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]}}}