{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:18:28Z","timestamp":1793333908325,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 This research was directed at the pathophysiology of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. The experimental method consisted of accurate and simultaneous measurement of the pressure within the ventricle and over the cerebral convexity in cats with hydrocephalus but normal ventricular pressure. Hydrocephalus was induced by the intracisternal injection of kaolin. Prior to the induction of hydrocephalus, the difference between the ventricular pressure and the pressure over the convexity (the transmantle pressure) was small (0.27 \u00b1 0.31 cm saline, mean \u00b1 standard deviation). After the induction of normal-pressure hydrocephalus in seven animals, there was a statistically significant elevation of the transmantle pressure to 3.4 \u00b1 3.9 cm saline (p &lt; 0.05, Student's paired t-test). There was no similar increase in animals injected with lactated Ringer's solution. This finding supports the theory that it is the transmantle pressure, and not the ventricular pressure, that is the physiological determinant of ventricular dilatation. The theory explains why hydrocephalus can develop and persist despite normal ventricular pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.2.0322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:21:56Z","timestamp":1241799716000},"page":"322-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Experimental normal-pressure hydrocephalus is accompanied by increased transmantle pressure"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"E. Scott","family":"Conner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter McL.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.4.0416","article-title":"The spinal cord central canal: response to experimental hydrocephalus and canal occlusion.","volume":"36","author":"Becker","year":"1972"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1962.19.5.0405","article-title":"Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Demonstration of the choroid plexuses as the generator of the force for flow of fluid and ventricular enlargement.","volume":"19","author":"Bering","year":"1962"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1963.20.12.1050","article-title":"Hydrocephalus: changes in formation and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid within the cerebral ventricles.","volume":"20","author":"Bering","year":"1963"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.1.0020","article-title":"Ventricular perfusion in cats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.","volume":"41","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1974"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1148\/110.2.399","article-title":"Radioisotope ventriculography in cats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus.","volume":"110","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1974"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196602242740817","article-title":"Occult hydrocephalus.","volume":"274","author":"Fishman","year":"1966"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(81)80009-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of hydrocephalus by CSF pulse-wave analysis: a clinical study.","volume":"15","author":"Foltz","year":"1981"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(68)90054-3","article-title":"The mechanism of normal pressure hydrocephalus.","volume":"7","author":"Geschwind","year":"1968"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"187","article-title":"The physics of the cranial cavity, hydrocephalus and normal pressure hydrocephalus: mechanical interpretation and mathematical model.","volume":"5","author":"Hakim","year":"1976"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1972.00490080038003","article-title":"Experimental hydrocephalus. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics as a function of time.","volume":"26","author":"Hochwald","year":"1972"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(69)90043-0","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid production and histological observations in animals with experimental obstructive hydrocephalus.","volume":"25","author":"Hochwald","year":"1969"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490380049005","article-title":"Transcerebral mantle pressure in normal pressure hydrocephalus.","volume":"31","author":"Hoff","year":"1974"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1964.21.11.0998","article-title":"Transmission of increased intracranial pressure. II. Within the supratentorial space.","volume":"21","author":"Langfitt","year":"1964"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1973.00490290027001","article-title":"Continuous pressure monitoring in experimental obstructive hydrocephalus. 1. 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