{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T08:34:53Z","timestamp":1774773293998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Angiograms obtained prior to treatment in 53 cases of deep-seated cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) were retrospectively analyzed with particular attention to the topography of the AVM nidus and the venous drainage. The location of the lesion was determined by a combination of angiography and computerized tomography. Twenty-seven AVM's involved the basal ganglia and thalamus, 12 were located in the corpus callosum, six were intraventricular, and eight involved the mesencephalon and brain stem. Forty-one patients (77.3%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage. Vessel wall irregularities and\/or stenosis of the system of the vein of Galen were observed in 14 cases, and occlusion of the deep venous system was present in seven cases. These AVM's showed numerous collateral venous pathways through enlarged medullary and cortical regional veins. There was dominant participation of the basal vein of Rosenthal in all cases. Unique local hemodynamic factors produced by the convergence of the draining veins of the AVM's into the vein of Galen and straight sinus may lead to a higher incidence of stenosis and\/or occlusion of the venous drainage. The relatively high incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in these deep-seated AVM's may suggest a relationship between an increased incidence of intracranial bleeding and impaired venous outlets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.2.0180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T18:39:08Z","timestamp":1241807948000},"page":"180-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Stenotic and occlusive disease of the venous drainage system of deep brain AVM's"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Vi\u00f1uela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Nombela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot R.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan J.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Pelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01740086","article-title":"Personal experience in the treatment of 178 cases of arteriovenous malformations of the brain.","volume":"61","author":"Albert","year":"1982"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00685056","article-title":"Thrombosis of the Galenic system veins in the adult.","volume":"17","author":"Bots","year":"1971"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Physiology and Biophysics of the Circulation. An Introductory Text","first-page":"97","author":"Burton","year":"1972"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"178","article-title":"Int\u00e9r\u00eat pronostique de l'\u00e9tude du drainage veineux des an\u00e9vrysmes art\u00e9rio-veineux c\u00e9r\u00e9braux.","volume":"25","author":"Dobbelaere","year":"1979"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/26.CN_suppl_1.145","article-title":"Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: considerations for and experience with surgical treatment in 166 cases.","volume":"26","author":"Drake","year":"1979"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.22.2.165","article-title":"Acute vascular endothelial changes associated with increased blood velocity gradients.","volume":"22","author":"Fry","year":"1968"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.6.2.164","article-title":"Spontaneous thrombosis of deep cerebral veins: a complication of arteriovenous malformation.","volume":"6","author":"Garcia","year":"1975"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1971.34.1.0077","article-title":"Vein of Galen ligation in the primate. Angiographic, gross, and light microscopic evaluation.","volume":"34","author":"Hammock","year":"1971"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-41-486-424","article-title":"Thrombosis in the vein of Galen malformation.","volume":"41","author":"Heinz","year":"1968"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1973.00490210085015","article-title":"Internal cerebral vein thrombosis.","volume":"28","author":"Johnsen","year":"1973"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"207","article-title":"Traitement endovasculaire des malformations vasculaires durales (MVD) pures \u201cspontan\u00e9es.\u201d Revue de 23 cas explor\u00e9s et trait\u00e9s entre mai 1980 et octobre 1983.","volume":"30","author":"Lasjaunias","year":"1983"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389438","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous shunts in the region of the cavernous sinus.","volume":"1","author":"Newton","year":"1970"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.4.0456","article-title":"Hemodynamic aspects of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.","volume":"53","author":"Nornes","year":"1980"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Anat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000980302","article-title":"The cranial venous system in man in reference to development, adult configuration, and relation to the arteries.","volume":"98","author":"Padget","year":"1956"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"459","article-title":"Microvascular embolization of arteriovenous malformations: Predicting success by cerebral angiography.","volume":"1","author":"Patronas","year":"1980"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/62.3.274","article-title":"The venous drainage of the brain, with special reference to the Galenic system.","volume":"62","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1939"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.2.7071346","article-title":"Computed tomographic observations pertinent to intracranial venous thrombotic and occlusive disease in childhood. 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