{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T21:07:33Z","timestamp":1784063253200,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Hyperventilation reduces intracranial pressure (ICP) acutely through vasoconstriction, but its long-term effect on vessel diameter is unknown. In seven rabbits with a cranial window implanted 3 weeks earlier, the effect of prolonged hyperventilation on vessel diameter was studied. Anesthesia was maintained for 54 hours with a pentobarbital drip (1 mg\/kg\/hr). The pH, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> levels were measured in arterial blood and cisterna magna cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The diameter of 31 pial arterioles was measured with an image splitter. After baseline measurements, pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was reduced from 38 to 25 mm Hg and allowed to return to 38 mm Hg for 10 minutes every 4 hours.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">There was an initial vasoconstriction of 13%, which progressively diminished by 3% every 4 hours. Thus, by the 20th hour, vessel diameters at a pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 25 mm Hg had returned to slightly above baseline values obtained at a pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 38 mm Hg. The temporary return of pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> to 38 mm Hg every 4 hours caused vasodilation: 12% at 4 hours, gradually increasing to 16% at 52 hours. Thus, at 52 hours, the vessel diameters were 105% of baseline at a pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 25 mm Hg and increased to 122% at a pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 38 mm Hg. Arterial pH had returned to baseline at 20 hours, and CSF pH had returned at 24 hours. Bicarbonate in blood and CSF remained decreased throughout the experiments. In three control experiments during which normocapnia was maintained, vessel diameter and pH and bicarbonate levels remained unaltered over the same period. The CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity, tested by brief periods of hyperventilation every 4 hours, also did not change.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">These results indicate that hyperventilation is effective in reducing cerebral blood volume for less than 24 hours and that it should be used only during actual ICP elevations. If used preventively, its effect may have worn off by the time ICP starts to rise for other reasons, and further decreases in pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> cannot be obtained. Moreover, the reduction in buffer capacity with lower bicarbonate renders the vessels more sensitive to changes in PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. This could lead to more pronounced elevations in ICP during transient rises in PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, such as during endotracheal suctioning in head-injured patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.6.0923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:19:12Z","timestamp":1241799552000},"page":"923-927","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Pial arteriolar vessel diameter and CO2 reactivity during prolonged hyperventilation in the rabbit"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"J. Paul","family":"Muizelaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk G.","family":"van der Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongchao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermes A.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Levasseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1950.2.10.549","volume":"2","author":"Brown EB","year":"1965","journal-title":"Appl Physiol"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.2.0170"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/46.5.348","volume":"46","author":"Christensen MS","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198602000-00010","volume":"20","author":"Hansen NB","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(69)90056-5","volume":"6","author":"Kazemi H","year":"1969","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.8.3.358"},{"key":"b7","first-page":"H371","volume":"234","author":"Kontos HA","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"b8","first-page":"227","volume":"8","author":"Kontos HA","year":"1977","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.1.89","volume":"46","author":"Levasseur JE","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.6.3.308"},{"key":"b11","first-page":"8E","volume":"22","author":"McDowall DG","year":"1968","journal-title":"Scand J Lab Clin Invest"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/22.CN_suppl_1.76","volume":"22","author":"Miller JD","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.5.0822"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.212.4.864","volume":"212","author":"Plum F","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.3.5.566","volume":"3","author":"Raichle ME","year":"1972","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b16","first-page":"776","volume-title":"Conn's Current Therapy","author":"Saul TG","year":"1987","edition":"38"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.19.2.274","volume":"19","author":"Severinghaus JW","year":"1966","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1972.47","volume":"1","author":"Siesj\u00f6 BK","year":"1972","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00586483","volume":"316","author":"Wahl M","year":"1970","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/69\/6\/article-p923.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/69\/6\/article-p923.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/69\/6\/article-p923.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T06:11:31Z","timestamp":1652508691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/69\/6\/article-p923.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1988.69.6.0923","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,12]]}}}