{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T17:44:34Z","timestamp":1759340674743},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of the loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation observed in chronic cerebral vasospasm. A bioassay system was developed to measure the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from canine basilar arteries. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was induced in dogs by two injections of autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Angiograms were performed on the 7th day after SAH to check the presence of chronic vasospasm. The animals were sacrificed on the 8th day, and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments were performed on rings harvested from the basilar artery. These confirmed loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to bradykinin and arginine vasopressin in the group with SAH. The basilar arteries were perfused with modified Krebs-Ringer solution. The perfusate was bioassayed with a ring of coronary artery without endothelium (bioassay ring). The release of the EDRF was detected by relaxation of the bioassay ring contracted with prostaglandin F<jats:sub>2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>. Arginine vasopressin and bradykinin added to the perfusate upstream of the basilar artery caused concentration-dependent release of the EDRF. The direct effect of these peptides on the smooth muscle of the bioassay ring was to cause contraction. The release of the EDRF was identical in basilar arteries from the control and the SAH groups. These results indicate that the release of the EDRF is not impaired during chronic vasospasm, and thus that the loss of the endothelium-dependent relaxation is due to a decreased transfer of the EDRF or a reduced responsiveness of the smooth muscle to the factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.1.0108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:21:50Z","timestamp":1241799710000},"page":"108-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor after subarachnoid hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Phyo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thoralf M.","family":"Sundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Vanhoutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Circ Res","first-page":"II-68","article-title":"Abluminal release and asymmetrical response of the rabbit arterial wall to endothelium-derived relaxing factor.","volume":"61","author":"Bassenge","year":"1987"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.52.1.16","article-title":"Prejunctional and postjunctional actions of endogenous norepinephrine at the sympathetic neuroeffector junction in canine coronary arteries.","volume":"52","author":"Cohen","year":"1983"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Physiol (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013792","article-title":"Role of the intima in cholinergic and purinergic relaxation of isolated canine femoral arteries.","volume":"316","author":"De","year":"1981"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.1.0049","article-title":"Sequential changes of vascular ultrastructure in experimental cerebral vasospasm. 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