{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T20:39:14Z","timestamp":1784320754148,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is an extremely rare cause of tic douloureux. None of the reports on PTA variant, which is an anomalous cerebellar artery arising from the internal carotid artery without anastomosis to the basilar artery, has suggested the possibility of this vessel causing tic douloureux. Eight cases of tic douloureux are reported in which a PTA or PTA variant was found during microvascular decompression (MVD). These cases were derived from a series of 1257 patients treated with MVD for tic douloureux. In one patient, the neuralgia was caused by a combination of vessels: a PTA, the superior cerebellar artery, and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. In the other seven cases, a PTA variant was compressing the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve. All eight patients gained excellent pain relief after MVD of the root entry zone. The significance of PTA's and PTA variants as the cause of tic douloureux and the effectiveness of MVD in the management of such cases are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.3.0415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:21:27Z","timestamp":1241799687000},"page":"415-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Tic douloureux caused by primitive trigeminal artery or its variant"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Akio","family":"Morita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuneo","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Atsuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00332958","article-title":"Trigeminal artery connection to the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries.","volume":"9","author":"Chambers","year":"1975"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(83)80013-5","article-title":"Persistent trigeminal artery variant. Carotid-anterior inferior cerebellar artery anastomosis.","volume":"19","author":"Cobb","year":"1983"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(34)90403-7","article-title":"Concerning the cause of trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"24","author":"Dandy","year":"1934"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Chirurgia","first-page":"327","article-title":"Persistenza della anastomosi carotido-basilare.","volume":"7","author":"Frugoni","year":"1952"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1959.03010150017004","article-title":"Response of trigeminal neuralgia to \u201cdecompression\u201d of sensory root. Discussion of cause of trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"170","author":"Gardner","year":"1959"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1953.10.3.0205","article-title":"Persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis. Three arteriographically demonstrated cases with one anatomical specimen.","volume":"10","author":"Harrison","year":"1953"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"AJR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.130.6.1191","article-title":"Internal carotid artery origins of the inferior cerebellar arteries.","volume":"130","author":"Haughton","year":"1978"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Rhinsho Hoshasen","first-page":"263","article-title":"[Persistent trigeminal artery variant \u2014 a case report of five cases and some embryological considerations.]","volume":"32","author":"Higano","year":"1987"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00342605","article-title":"Anomalous origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the internal carotid artery.","volume":"19","author":"Ito","year":"1980"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Angiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/000331976001100203","article-title":"Persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis: occasionally a possible cause of tic douloureux.","volume":"11","author":"Jackson","year":"1960"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1967.26.1part2.0159","article-title":"Arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"26","author":"Jannetta","year":"1967"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurgery.","first-page":"2357","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: treatment by microvascular decompression","volume":"3","author":"Jannetta","year":"1985"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.31.4.0445","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia, facial spasm, intermedius and glossopharyngeal neuralgia with persistent carotid basilar anastomosis.","volume":"31","author":"Kempe","year":"1969"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Cerebral Angiography.","author":"Krayenb\u00fchl","year":"1968"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1962.00450230015002","article-title":"Recurrent oculomotor paresis.","volume":"6","author":"Madonick","year":"1962"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"126","article-title":"Angiographic cerebro-vascular anomalies: incidence and clinical significance.","volume":"24","author":"Nakagawara","year":"1982"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.40.2.0244","article-title":"Persistent trigeminal artery: its relationship to the normal branches of the cavernous carotid.","volume":"40","author":"Parkinson","year":"1974"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"462","article-title":"Treatment of tic douloureux and hemifacial spasm by posterior fossa exploration: therapeutic implications of various neurovascular relationships.","volume":"14","author":"Piatt","year":"1984"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Acta Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925909171103","article-title":"Patent primitive trigeminal artery studied by cerebral angiography.","volume":"51","author":"Salzman","year":"1959"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1148\/116.1.93","article-title":"Anterior inferior cerebellar artery originating from the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery.","volume":"116","author":"Scotti","year":"1975"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.11.4.243","article-title":"Neurovascular relations and anomalies at base of brain.","volume":"11","author":"Sunderland","year":"1948"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-23-274-617","article-title":"Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomosis.","volume":"23","author":"Sutton","year":"1950"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1148\/103.2.335","article-title":"Persistent carotid-superior cerebellar artery anastomosis: a variant of persistent trigeminal artery.","volume":"103","author":"Teal","year":"1972"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1148\/106.3.567","article-title":"Anomalous branches of the internal carotid artery.","volume":"106","author":"Teal","year":"1973"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337535","article-title":"Persistent trigeminal artery: unusual associated abnormalities.","volume":"17","author":"Tomsick","year":"1979"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.16.6.610","article-title":"The trigeminal artery and associated aneurysms.","volume":"16","author":"Wolpert","year":"1966"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/70\/3\/article-p415.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/70\/3\/article-p415.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/70\/3\/article-p415.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:16:08Z","timestamp":1679876168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/70\/3\/article-p415.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1989.70.3.0415","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,3]]}}}