{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T22:36:44Z","timestamp":1786660604009,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The purpose of this study was to examine the hypotheses that structural stiffening of the arterial wall contributes to chronic cerebral vasospasm, and that alteration in properties of smooth muscle takes place after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequent chronic vasospasm were induced in dogs by two cisternal injections of autologous blood (on Day 0 and Day 2). Vasospasm was confirmed by angiography performed on Day 0 and Day 7. Animals in the control group underwent angiography only. On Day 8, the mechanical properties of the basilar arteries were studied <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Passive compliance, measured under total inhibition of spontaneous myogenic tone with diltiazem (10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> M) plus papaverine (10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> M) was smaller in the SAH group. The length-contraction curve was shifted to the left and the optimum length for maximum contraction (L<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) was significantly shorter in the spastic blood vessels. The spontaneous myogenic tone was augmented in the SAH group, resulting in an increase in resting tension at each length. By contrast, the maximum contractions in response to KCl and uridine 5\u2032-triphosphate were markedly reduced in the SAH group, without changes in sensitivity to these agents. These differences in mechanical properties were observed in rings both with and without endothelium. The results indicate that, in chronic vasospasm, stiffening of the noncontractile component of the vasculature takes place as well as alterations in the contractile component, both of which presumably contribute to the shift in resting length-tension relationship and length-contraction relationship of the artery. The decreased distensibility, the increase in resting tension, and the shortening of the L<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> all favor a smaller diameter of the artery after SAH, possibly contributing to vasospasm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.3.0430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:23:31Z","timestamp":1241799811000},"page":"430-436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Alterations of mechanical properties in canine basilar arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Phyo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thoralf M.","family":"Sundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Vanhoutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Annu Rev Biochem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.49.070180.004421","article-title":"Regulation and kinetics of the actin-myosin-ATP interaction.","volume":"49","author":"Adelstein","year":"1980"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Acta Physiol Scand","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cyclic AMP and calcium ions in mechanical and metabolic responses of smooth muscles: influence of some hormones and drugs.","volume":"382","author":"Andersson","year":"1972"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Am J Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(82)80005-2","article-title":"Selective action of diltiazem on cerebral vascular smooth muscle in the rabbit: antagonism of extrinsic but not intrinsic maintained tone.","volume":"49","author":"Bevan","year":"1982"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.2.472","article-title":"Functional arterial changes in chronic cerebrovasospasm in monkeys: an in vitro assessment of the contribution of arterial narrowing.","volume":"18","author":"Bevan","year":"1987"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.6.0925","article-title":"Prevention of chronic experimental cerebral vasospasm with ibuprofen and high-dose methylprednisolone.","volume":"59","author":"Chyatte","year":"1983"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Physiol (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013792","article-title":"Role of the intima in cholinergic and purinergic relaxation of isolated canine femoral arteries.","volume":"316","author":"DeMey","year":"1981"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Physiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1978.58.2.397","article-title":"Mechanical properties of arteries.","volume":"58","author":"Dobrin","year":"1978"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.1.0049","article-title":"Sequential changes of vascular ultrastructure in experimental cerebral vasospasm. Myonecrosis of subarachnoid arteries.","volume":"41","author":"Fein","year":"1974"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Pharmacol Rev","first-page":"324","article-title":"Calcium antagonism and calcium entry blockade.","volume":"38","author":"Godfraind","year":"1986"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.48.4.0515","article-title":"Cerebral artery spasm. A histological study at necropsy of the blood vessels in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"48","author":"Hughes","year":"1978"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"H671","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent contraction to stretch in canine basilar arteries.","volume":"252","author":"Katusic","year":"1987"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.55.5.575","article-title":"Vasopressin causes endothelium-dependent relaxations of the canine basilar artery.","volume":"55","author":"Katusic","year":"1984"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.1.0108","article-title":"Release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor after subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"1989"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.2.0239","article-title":"Alterations in endothelium-dependent responsiveness of the canine basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"1988"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198707000-00008","article-title":"Production of uric acid in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs: investigation of the possible role of xanthine oxidase in chronic vasospasm.","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"1987"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.1.0018","article-title":"Cerebral arterial constriction after experimental hemorrhage is associated with blood components within the arterial wall.","volume":"58","author":"Liszczak","year":"1983"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Blood Vessels","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contractile system function in mammalian smooth muscle.","volume":"13","author":"Murphy","year":"1976"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Handbook of Physiology. Section 2: The Cardiovascular System. Vol II. Vascular Smooth Muscle.","first-page":"325","article-title":"Mechanics of vascular smooth muscle","author":"Murphy","year":"1980"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.13.5.595","article-title":"Experimental cerebral vasospasm \u2014 arterial wall mechanics and connective tissue composition.","volume":"13","author":"Nagasawa","year":"1982"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Biomed Sci Instrum","first-page":"43","article-title":"Evaluation of dimensions and steady-state hydraulic properties of coronary arteries.","volume":"19","author":"Owen","year":"1983"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Cerebral Arterial Spasm.","first-page":"88","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm: acute proliferative vasculopathy? II. Morphology","author":"Peerless","year":"1980"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.11.3.261","article-title":"Evidence for greater susceptibility of isolated dog cerebral arteries to Ca antagonists than peripheral arteries.","volume":"11","author":"Shimizu","year":"1980"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.14.3.347","article-title":"Mechanisms of the contractile effect induced by uridine 5-triphosphate in canine cerebral arteries.","volume":"14","author":"Shirasawa","year":"1983"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.49.2.0229","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm and ultrastructural changes in cerebral arterial wall. An experimental study.","volume":"49","author":"Tanabe","year":"1978"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Physiol (Lond)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012046","article-title":"Calcium requirements for activation of intact aortic smooth muscle.","volume":"272","author":"Van Breemen","year":"1977"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.1.0011","article-title":"Delayed cerebral vasospasm is not reversible by aminophylline, nifedipine, or papaverine in a \u201ctwo-hemorrhage\u201d canine model.","volume":"58","author":"Varsos","year":"1983"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313921","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of cerebral vasospasm with resultant myonecrosis in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis and trans-sylvian surgery.","volume":"233","author":"Yamashima","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/3\/article-p430.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/3\/article-p430.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/3\/article-p430.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T21:26:30Z","timestamp":1679865990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/3\/article-p430.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1989.71.3.0430","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}}}