{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:55:15Z","timestamp":1758815715452},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Chronic cerebral vasospasm was induced in 16 monkeys by direct placement of a clot of autologous blood over the arteries of the circle of Willis on the right side. The middle cerebral arteries (MCA's) on the clot side all showed angiographic vasospasm, which was maximal 7 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Animals were sacrificed at this time and vascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, and the calcium ionophore A23187 were studied in MCA rings from the clot (spastic) side and the non-clot (control) side. In control preparations with an intact endothelium, which had been precontracted by prostaglandin F<jats:sub>2<jats:italic>agr;<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> (PGF<jats:sub>2<jats:italic>agr;<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>), histamine and A23187 produced significant relaxation. The same concentrations of histamine and A23187 did not relax vascular tissues in which the endothelium had been mechanically removed. Acetylcholine did not produce a significant endothelium-dependent relaxation of primate MCA rings, but did relax rings of primate common carotid artery. Pretreatment with chlorpheniramine (an H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-receptor antagonist) prevented histamine-induced relaxation; however, cimetidine (an H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-receptor antagonist) had no inhibitory action. It thus seems that histamine mediates relaxation of intact MCA's mostly by an H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-receptor-mediated release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Relaxations induced by histamine and A23187 in MCA's from the clot side were substantially reduced. Moreover, the small component of ACh-induced relaxation was also abolished. Endothelium-independent relaxation induced by glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) occurred in arteries from both the control and the clot sides. Constrictions induced by KCl and PGF<jats:sub>2<jats:italic>agr;<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> were reduced on the clot side of the MCA's. These results suggest that subarachnoid hemorrhage influences both the generation of EDRF and the constriction of affected arteries. The small contraction which was elicited in spastic arteries was fully relaxed by GTN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.6.0909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,8]],"date-time":"2009-05-08T16:16:14Z","timestamp":1241799374000},"page":"909-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Pharmacological studies on relaxation of spastic primate cerebral arteries in subarachnoid hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kanamaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryce K. A.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Max","family":"Findlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christel A.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.9.8.561","article-title":"Fate of red blood cells injected into cerebrospinal fluid pathways.","volume":"9","author":"Adams","year":"1959"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol","first-page":"251","article-title":"Acetylcholine stimulates the release of prostacyclin by rabbit aorta endothelium.","volume":"35","author":"Beetens","year":"1983"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.2.472","article-title":"Functional arterial changes in chronic cerebrovasospasm in monkeys: an in vitro assessment of the contribution to arterial narrowing.","volume":"18","author":"Bevan","year":"1987"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.56.2.205","article-title":"Neurogenic muscarinic vasodilation in the cat. An example of endothelial cell-independent cholinergic relaxation.","volume":"56","author":"Brayden","year":"1985"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Eur J Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90640-6","article-title":"Role of endothelium in haemoglobin-induced contraction of dog basilar artery.","volume":"140","author":"Connor","year":"1987"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.27.9.878","article-title":"Regional distribution of mast cells containing histamine, dopamine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine in the mammalian brain.","volume":"27","author":"Edvinsson","year":"1977"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"168","article-title":"Characterization of histamine receptors in cat cerebral arteries in vitro and in situ.","volume":"225","author":"Edvinsson","year":"1983"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.3.271","article-title":"A pharmacologic comparison of histamine receptors in isolated extracranial and intracranial arteries in vitro.","volume":"25","author":"Edvinsson","year":"1975"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neuropsycho-pharmacology.","first-page":"551","article-title":"Fluorescence histochemical localization of non-mast cell histamine","author":"El-Ackad","year":"1974"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.2.0224","article-title":"Chronic cerebral vasospasm after large subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys.","volume":"57","author":"Espinosa","year":"1982"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.6.0733","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm: presence of mast cells in human cerebral arteries after aneurysm rupture. Preliminary note.","volume":"54","author":"Faleiro","year":"1981"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.6.0865","article-title":"Intravenous nitroglycerin for the treatment of chronic cerebral vasoconstriction in the primate.","volume":"55","author":"Frazee","year":"1981"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.3.0445","article-title":"Selective hemoglobin inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of rabbit basilar artery.","volume":"64","author":"Fujiwara","year":"1986"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.15.3.503","article-title":"Hemolysate-induced contraction in smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig basilar artery.","volume":"15","author":"Fujiwara","year":"1984"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.53.5.557","article-title":"Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle.","volume":"53","author":"Furchgott","year":"1983"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.24.040184.001135","article-title":"The role of endothelium in the responses of vascular smooth muscle to drugs.","volume":"24","author":"Furchgott","year":"1984"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanism. 4th International Symposium.","first-page":"151","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent relaxation of arteries by acetylcholine, brady-kinin and other agents","author":"Furchgott","year":"1983"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1982.2","article-title":"Cerebral histamine: indications for neuronal and vascular regulation.","volume":"2","author":"Gross","year":"1982"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/320454a0","article-title":"Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor.","volume":"320","author":"Gryglewski","year":"1986"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.2.0247","article-title":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in rabbit basilar artery.","volume":"69","author":"Hongo","year":"1988"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.5.932","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine basilar arteries. Part 1. Difference between acetylcholine- and A23187-induced relaxation and involvement of lipoxygenase metabolite(s).","volume":"18","author":"Kanamaru","year":"1987"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.5.938","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine basilar arteries. Part 2. Inhibition by hemoglobin and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"18","author":"Kanamura","year":"1987"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Cerebral Vasospasm.","first-page":"163","article-title":"Inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation by hemoglobin and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible mechanism and relation to cerebral vasospasm","author":"Kanamaru","year":"1988"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.1.0108","article-title":"Release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor after subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"1989"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.2.0239","article-title":"Alterations in endothelium-dependent responsiveness of the canine basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"1988"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198502000-00002","article-title":"Nimodipine and chronic vasospasm in monkeys. Part 2. Pharmacological studies of vessels in spasm.","volume":"16","author":"Krueger","year":"1985"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Circ Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.50.6.870","article-title":"Cholinergic mechanism in the large cat cerebral artery.","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"1982"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.5.0779","article-title":"Prostaglandin metabolism in experimental cerebral vasospasm.","volume":"55","author":"Maeda","year":"1981"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"708","article-title":"Selective blockade of endothelium-dependent and glyceryl trinitrate-induced relaxation by hemoglobin and by methylene blue in the rabbit aorta.","volume":"232","author":"Martin","year":"1985"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.5.0757","article-title":"Effect of removal of the endothelium on vasoconstriction in canine and rabbit basilar arteries.","volume":"68","author":"Nakagomi","year":"1988"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.2.482","article-title":"Impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"18","author":"Nakagomi","year":"1987"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.3.494","article-title":"Endothelial dependent relaxation demonstrated in vivo in cerebral arterioles.","volume":"17","author":"Rosenblum","year":"1986"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Neurol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1980.11739582","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation as a cause of cerebral vasospasm.","volume":"2","author":"Sano","year":"1980"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.5.0771","article-title":"Evaluation of prostaglandin biosynthetic activity in canine basilar artery following subarachnoid injection of blood.","volume":"55","author":"Sasaki","year":"1981"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Blood Vessels","first-page":"137","article-title":"Histamine-induced constriction and dilatation of rabbit middle cerebral arteries in vitro: role of the endothelium.","volume":"23","author":"Sercombe","year":"1986"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.2.162","article-title":"Internal and external carotid vascular responses to vasoactive agents in the monkey.","volume":"28","author":"Spira","year":"1978"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198806010-00009","article-title":"Protein kinase activity in canine basilar arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"22","author":"Suzuki","year":"1988"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198808000-00005","article-title":"Relationship between extraluminal oxyhemoglobin and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in isolated perfused canine internal carotid arteries.","volume":"23","author":"Tanaka","year":"1988"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"139","article-title":"The action of vasodilating drugs on isolated basilar, coronary, and mesenteric arteries of the dog.","volume":"191","author":"Toda","year":"1974"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"861","article-title":"Alpha adrenergic receptor subtypes in human, monkey and dog cerebral arteries.","volume":"226","author":"Toda","year":"1983"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther","first-page":"529","article-title":"Mechanisms of histamine-induced relaxation in isolated monkey and dog coronary arteries.","volume":"239","author":"Toda","year":"1986"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Blood","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V10.2.154.154","article-title":"The relationship of the basophil to blood histamine in man.","volume":"10","author":"Valentine","year":"1955"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Pharmacol Rev","first-page":"163","article-title":"Cyclic GMP synthesis and function.","volume":"39","author":"Waldman","year":"1987"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1148\/98.2.299","article-title":"The effects of bradykinin and histamine on cerebral arteries of monkeys.","volume":"98","author":"Watters","year":"1971"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/6\/article-p909.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/6\/article-p909.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/6\/article-p909.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T21:39:20Z","timestamp":1679866760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/71\/6\/article-p909.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1989.71.6.0909","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]}}}