{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:53:21Z","timestamp":1790823201087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 A porcine model for subarachnoid hemorrhage has been developed to allow the selective application of blood and its components to cerebral arteries. Whole blood was centrifuged to produce two fractions consisting of washed erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC's) and white blood cells (WBC) plus platelet-rich plasma (PRP); the RBC fraction was subsequently separated into hemoglobin (Hb)-containing cytosol and erythrocyte membranes. Each fraction was selectively applied to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of pigs for 10 days; after which, vessels were perfusion-fixed and examined by light and transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical studies. By morphometric analysis, a marked reduction in the MCA lumen cross-sectional area was observed after selective application of RBC's or Hb\/cytosol but not of WBC\/PRP or erythrocyte membranes. In both RBC- and Hb\/cytosol-treated vessels, luminal narrowing was associated with a differential increase in vessel wall thickness of the ventral (subarachnoid) compared to the dorsal (brain) aspect of the artery, but no significant change in cross-sectional area of the vessel wall. After 10 days of exposure to RBC's or Hb\/cytosol, there was a spectrum of ultrastructural changes in the vessel wall comparable to those seen after periadventitial application of whole blood. Selective application of commercially available Hb to MCA produced similar structural and morphometric changes. The degree of luminal narrowing after exposure to whole blood or RBC's was proportional to the volume of the erythrocyte mass adjacent to the vessel at sacrifice. These data suggest that arterial narrowing after SAH is mediated by mechanisms related to prolonged exposure of the vessel wall to hemoglobin or its catabolites from lysing subarachnoid erythrocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.4.0634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T14:19:39Z","timestamp":1242224379000},"page":"634-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["The role of hemoglobin in arterial narrowing after subarachnoid hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Marc R.","family":"Mayberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don H.","family":"Bark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.6.0949","article-title":"Delayed CSF lavage for arteriographic and morphological vasospasm after experimental SAH.","volume":"63","author":"Alexander","year":"1985"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"1","article-title":"Myonecrosis in chronic experimental vasospasm.","volume":"76","author":"Alksne","year":"1974"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.6.0617","article-title":"Experimental and clinical study of the development of spasm of the cerebral arteries related to subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"32","author":"Arutiunov","year":"1970"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/78.1.59","article-title":"The nature and clinical significance of pigments in the cerebrospinal fluid.","volume":"78","author":"Barrows","year":"1955"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.3.0431","article-title":"Individual variations in response of human cerebral arterioles to vasoactive substances, human plasma, and CSF from patients with aneurysmal SAH.","volume":"55","author":"Brandt","year":"1981"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.3.0351","article-title":"Vasoconstrictive effects of human post-hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid on cat pial arterioloes in situ.","volume":"54","author":"Brandt","year":"1981"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Osaka City Med J","first-page":"211","article-title":"An experimental study of cerebral vasospasm especially on spasmogenic factors in red blood cells.","volume":"24","author":"Chokyu","year":"1975"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.6.0925","article-title":"Prevention of chronic experimental cerebral vasospasm with ibuprofen and high-dose methylprednisolone.","volume":"59","author":"Chyatte","year":"1983"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"287","article-title":"Erythrocytes are essential for the development of vasculopathy resulting from subarachnoid blood.","volume":"18","author":"Duff","year":"1987"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Cerebral Vasospasm.","first-page":"303","article-title":"The release of amphiphiles from clotted blood and their possible role in the development of cerebral vasospasm","author":"Duff","year":"1988"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.5.0723","article-title":"Effect of intrathecal thrombolytic therapy on subarachnoid clot and chronic vasospasm in a primate model of SAH.","volume":"69","author":"Findlay","year":"1988"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198001000-00001","article-title":"Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning.","volume":"6","author":"Fisher","year":"1980"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.1.0092","article-title":"Experimental vasospasm in cultured arterial smooth-muscle cells. 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