{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T03:43:29Z","timestamp":1769053409724,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The clinical features and pathophysiology of specific forms of hydromyelia are analyzed in this report together with the chronological changes of associated hydrocephalus. Nine patients were studied; all had hydromyelia with varying degrees of associated hydrocephalus. Clinically applicable classification systems were used to evaluate the progression of hydrocephalus (Stages I to IV) and to define the compartment isolated after shunting in the previously communicating cerebral ventricles (Types I to IV). Four patients had Stage IV disease (holoneural canal dilatation); one had Stage II and four had Stage I disease (both Stages I and II with supratentorial hydrocephalus). All patients were initially treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunting at an average age of 9.9 years. Five patients had progressive spinal symptoms before or after treatment of their hydrocephalus. Two patients had Type III isolation (an isolated rhombencephalic ventricle) with a functioning ventricular shunt; ventriculography confirmed a communication between the fourth ventricle and the hydromyelia, and both patients improved after placement of a shunt in the fourth ventricle. The remaining patients had Type IV isolation (isolated central canal dilatation) with a functioning ventricular shunt. This study indicates that in some cases the pathophysiology of hydromyelia is closely related to associated hydrocephalus. A new concept of the development of an isolated compartment after shunting is proposed to explain the progression of hydromyelia in these cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.3.0371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T16:16:04Z","timestamp":1242749764000},"page":"371-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Hydromyelic hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Oi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Hamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seishiro","family":"Urui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"1","article-title":"La syringomy\u00e9lie et les liquides intra-rachidiens.","volume":"25","author":"Aboulker","year":"1979"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"472","article-title":"The natural history and the influence of surgical treatment in syringomyelia.","volume":"71","author":"Anderson","year":"1985"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"199","article-title":"Computed tomography in 75 clinical cases of syringomyelia.","volume":"2","author":"Aubin","year":"1983"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"799","article-title":"Pathogenesis of syringomyelia.","volume":"2","author":"Ball","year":"1972"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1148\/120.2.351","article-title":"Meningomyelocele and syringomyelia \u2014 some radiological aspects.","volume":"120","author":"Batnitzky","year":"1976"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1955.02330080043012","article-title":"Choroid plexus and arterial pulsation of cerebrospinal fluid: demonstration of the choroid plexuses as a cerebrospinal pump.","volume":"73","author":"Bering","year":"1955"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198012000-00012","article-title":"Evaluation of syringomyelia with metrizamide computed tomography myelography.","volume":"4","author":"Bonafe","year":"1980"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.1.0024","article-title":"Considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of syringomyelia and the Chiari malformation.","volume":"57","author":"Cahan","year":"1982"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1967.27.6.0501","article-title":"Hydrodynamic studies in syringomyelia.","volume":"27","author":"Conway","year":"1967"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197501022920103","article-title":"Computerized axial tomography in syringomyelia.","volume":"292","author":"Di Chiro","year":"1975"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00344586","article-title":"Percutaneous puncture of spinal cyst in the diagnosis and therapy of syringes myelia and cystic tumors.","volume":"24","author":"Dietemann","year":"1982"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-47-561-579","article-title":"The mechanism of hydromyelia in Chiari type I malformations.","volume":"47","author":"du Boulay","year":"1974"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1234","article-title":"The distending force in the production of communicating syringomyelia.","volume":"1","author":"Ellertsson","year":"1970"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.163.3.3575734","article-title":"Human brain motion and cerebrospinal fluid circulation demonstrated with MR velocity imaging.","volume":"163","author":"Feinberg","year":"1987"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"73","article-title":"Computed tomography in syringomyelia and the associated Arnold-Chiari Type I malformation.","volume":"15","author":"Forbes","year":"1987"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/92.1.25","article-title":"The association of syringomyelia and congenital cervico-medullary anomalies: pathologic evidence.","volume":"92","author":"Foster","year":"1969"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Cleve Clin Q","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.26.3.118","article-title":"Anatomic anomalies common to myelomeningocele of infancy and syringomyelia of adulthood suggest a common origin.","volume":"26","author":"Gardner","year":"1959"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.28.3.247","article-title":"Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomyelia: its relationship to myelocele.","volume":"28","author":"Gardner","year":"1965"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"591","article-title":"The varying expressions of embryonal atresia of the fourth ventricle in adults. Arnold-Chiari malformation, Dandy-Walker syndrome, \u201carachnoid\u201d cyst of the cerebellum, and syringomyelia.","volume":"14","author":"Gardner","year":"1975"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/6.CN_suppl_1.131","article-title":"The mechanism of syringomyelia and its surgical correlation.","volume":"6","author":"Gardner","year":"1959"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.52.6.0812","article-title":"Experimental syringomyelia. The relationship between intraventricular and intrasyrinx pressures.","volume":"52","author":"Hall","year":"1980"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Neurobiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid.","first-page":"895","article-title":"Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in syringomyelia, hydromyelia, and myelomeningocele","volume":"2","author":"Hall","year":"1983"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198709000-00012","article-title":"Hydrosyringomyelia and its management in childhood.","volume":"21","author":"Hoffman","year":"1987"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194307152290302","article-title":"Spina bifida and cranium bifidum. V. The Arnold-Chiari malformation: a study of 20 cases.","volume":"229","author":"Ingraham","year":"1943"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198508000-00003","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in syringomyelia.","volume":"17","author":"Kokmen","year":"1985"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(74)80003-X","article-title":"Evaluation of different surgical approaches in the treatment of syringomyelia.","volume":"77","author":"Krayenb\u00fchl","year":"1974"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Coll Surg Edinb","first-page":"147","article-title":"A new surgical approach in the treatment of hydromyelia and syringomyelia. The embryological basis and the first results.","volume":"16","author":"Krayenb\u00fchl","year":"1971"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"AJR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.6.1149","article-title":"MR imaging of syringomyelia and hydromyelia.","volume":"144","author":"Lee","year":"1985"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Arch Pathol","first-page":"138","article-title":"Myelomalacia and multiple cavitations of spinal cord secondary to adhesive arachnoiditis: an experimental study.","volume":"57","author":"McLaurin","year":"1954"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198804000-00023","article-title":"Treatment of symptomatic syringomyelia with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case report with magnetic resonance scan correlation.","volume":"22","author":"Ogilvy","year":"1988"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00717890","article-title":"Infantile hydrocephalus and slit ventricle syndrome in early infancy.","volume":"3","author":"Oi","year":"1987"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci","first-page":"125","article-title":"Isolated fourth ventricle.","volume":"2","author":"Oi","year":"1986"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00706807","article-title":"Morphological findings of postshunt slit ventricle in experimental canine hydrocephalus. Aspects of causative factors of isolated ventricles and slit ventricle syndrome.","volume":"2","author":"Oi","year":"1986"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271938","article-title":"Pathophysiology of aqueductal obstruction in isolated IV ventricle after shunting.","volume":"2","author":"Oi","year":"1986"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198512000-00003","article-title":"Pathophysiology of nonneoplastic obstruction of the foramen of Monro and progressive unilateral hydrocephalus.","volume":"17","author":"Oi","year":"1985"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270760","article-title":"Slit ventricles as a cause of isolated ventricles after shunting.","volume":"1","author":"Oi","year":"1985"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.3.0367","article-title":"Progressive spasticity and scoliosis in children with myelomeningocele. Radiological investigation and surgical treatment.","volume":"62","author":"Park","year":"1985"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"750","article-title":"Comment on Ogilvy CS, Borges LF: Treatment of symptomatic syringomyelia with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case report with magnetic resonance scan correlation.","volume":"22","author":"Peerless","year":"1988"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"747","article-title":"Comment on Sullivan LP, Stears JC, Ringel SP: Resolution of syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation by ventriculoatrial shunting in a patient with pseudotumor cerebri and a lumboperitoneal shunt.","volume":"22","author":"Peerless","year":"1988"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.3.6494463","article-title":"Syringomyelia and hydromyelia: magnetic resonance evaluation.","volume":"153","author":"Pojunas","year":"1984"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"356","article-title":"Hydromyelia: clinical presentation and comparison of modalities of treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1981"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"AJR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.135.6.1233","article-title":"The isolated fourth ventricle in children: CT and clinical review of 16 cases.","volume":"135","author":"Scotti","year":"1980"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","first-page":"239","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of syringomyelia.","volume":"11","author":"Scotti","year":"1984"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"AJR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.2.381","article-title":"The MR appearance of syringomyelia: new observations.","volume":"148","author":"Sherman","year":"1987"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198804000-00022","article-title":"Resolution of syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation by ventriculo-atrial shunting in a patient with pseudotumor cerebri and a lumboperitoneal shunt.","volume":"22","author":"Sullivan","year":"1988"},{"key":"b46","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.8.825","article-title":"Another theory of the etiology of the syringomyelic cavity.","volume":"38","author":"Taylor","year":"1975"},{"key":"b47","series-title":"Confin Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000103100","article-title":"The Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with syringomyelia in a newborn infant.","volume":"33","author":"Vuia","year":"1971"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.55.4.0604","article-title":"Chiari I \u201cmalformation\u201d \u2014 an acquired disorder?","volume":"55","author":"Welch","year":"1981"},{"key":"b49","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346855","article-title":"Radiographic studies of the ventricles in syringomyelia.","volume":"20","author":"West","year":"1980"},{"key":"b50","series-title":"J R Soc Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688007301109","article-title":"On the pathogenesis of syringomyelia: a review.","volume":"73","author":"Williams","year":"1980"},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"969","article-title":"Pathogenesis of syringomyelia.","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"1972"},{"key":"b52","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198910000-00009","article-title":"Management of hydromyelia.","volume":"25","author":"Wisoff","year":"1989"},{"key":"b53","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"234","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of syringomyelia.","volume":"4","author":"Yeates","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/74\/3\/article-p371.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/74\/3\/article-p371.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/74\/3\/article-p371.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T20:26:40Z","timestamp":1679862400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/74\/3\/article-p371.xml"}},"subtitle":["Correlation of hydromyelia with various stages of hydrocephalus in postshunt isolated compartments"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1991.74.3.0371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,3]]}}}