{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:27:20Z","timestamp":1774506440085,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The foramen caecum (FC) is a triangular-shaped fossa situated in the midline on the base of the brain stem, at the pontomedullary junction. Although this area is known to have a very high concentration of brainstem perforating vessels, its microvascular anatomy has not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to detail the microvasculature of this territory. Twenty unfixed brains were injected with silicone rubber solution and dissected under a microscope equipped with a camera. The origin, course, outer diameter, and branching pattern of the perforators were examined.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">The total number of perforators found in the 20 brains was 287, with an average (\u00b1 standard deviation) of 14.35 \u00b1 1.24 perforators per brain (range seven to 28). Their origin was as follows: right vertebral artery in 52 perforators (18.11%); left vertebral artery in 35 (12.19%); basilar artery below the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 139 (48.43%); basilar artery above the AICA in 46 (16.02%); AICA in 10 (3.48%); and anterior spinal artery in five (1.74%). Most of the perforators arose as sub-branches of larger trunks; their average outer diameter was 0.16 \u00b1 0.006 mm while that of trunks was 0.35 \u00b1 0.02 mm.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">These anatomical data are important for those wishing 1) to study the pathophysiology of vascular insults to this area caused by atheromas, thrombi, and emboli; 2) to plan vertebrobasilar aneurysm surgery; 3) to plan surgery for vertebrobasilar insufficiency; and 4) to study foramen magnum neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.2.0299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T16:21:01Z","timestamp":1242750061000},"page":"299-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Microvascular anatomy of foramen caecum medullae oblongatae"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Asim","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Dujovny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximo","family":"Torche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ljubisa","family":"Dragovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"Ausman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Principles of Neurology","first-page":"617","author":"Adams","year":"1989"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"465","article-title":"Intracranial vertebral endarterectomy.","volume":"26","author":"Ausman","year":"1990"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"462","article-title":"Tumors in the region of foramen magnum.","volume":"19","author":"Cohen","year":"1962"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Atherosclerosis","first-page":"77","article-title":"Localization of atherosclerotic lesions in the human basilar artery.","volume":"35","author":"Cornhill","year":"1980"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"603","article-title":"Benign tumors at the foramen magnum. 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A microanatomical study.","volume":"62","author":"Umansky","year":"1985"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Microneurosurgery, Vol 2. Clinical Considerations, Surgery of the Intracranial Aneurysms and Results.","first-page":"270","author":"Ya\u015fargil","year":"1984"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Microneurosurgery, Vol 1. Microsurgical Anatomy of the Basal Cisterns and Vessels of the Brain, Diagnostic Studies, General Operative Techniques and Pathological Considerations of the Intracranial Aneurysms.","first-page":"155","author":"Ya\u015fargil","year":"1984"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"828","article-title":"Foramen magnum tumors. Analysis of 57 cases of benign extramedullary tumors.","volume":"49","author":"Yasuoka","year":"1978"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/75\/2\/article-p299.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/75\/2\/article-p299.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/75\/2\/article-p299.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]],"date-time":"2023-03-19T22:02:10Z","timestamp":1679263330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/75\/2\/article-p299.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1991.75.2.0299","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,8]]}}}